Silver-NanoParticles Cancer Research Results

AgNPs, Silver-NanoParticles: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Silver NanoParticles (AgNPs)
Summary:
1.Smaller sizes are generally more bioactive due to increased surface area and enhanced tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect.
2.Two relevant forms: particulate silver (AgNPs) and ionic silver (Ag⁺). There is debate regarding oral use, as Ag⁺ can precipitate as AgCl in gastric acid, reducing bioavailability; AgNPs may partially avoid this via particulate uptake and intracellular Ag⁺ release. Gastric pH may influence this equilibrium.
3. Dose example 80kg person: 1.12-2mg/day, which can be calculated based on ppm and volume taken (see below) target < 10ppm and 120mL per day (30ppm and 1L per day caused argyria 30mg/day ) (Case Report: 9‐15 ppm@120mL, i.e. 1.1mg/L to 1.8mg/L per day)
Likely 10ppm --> 10mg/L, hence if take 100mL, then 1mg/day? (for Cancer)
The current Rfd for oral silver exposure is 5 ug/kg/d with a critical dose estimated at 14 ug/kg/d for the average person.
Seems like the Cancer target range is 14ug/kg/day to 25ug/kg/day. 80Kg example: 1.12mg to 2mg “1.4µg/kg body weight. If I would have 70kg, I would want to use 100µg/day. However, for fighting active disease, I would tend to explore higher daily dose, as I think this may be too low.”
These values reflect experimental or anecdotal contexts and are not established safe or therapeutic doses.
4. Antioxidants such as NAC can counteract AgNP cytotoxicity by restoring glutathione pools and suppressing ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage.
5. In vitro studies commonly show ROS elevation in both cancer and normal cells; however, in vivo, superior antioxidant, NRF2, and repair capacity in normal tissues may confer selectivity.
6. Pathways/mechanisms of action/:
-” intracellular ROS was increased...reduction in levels of glutathione (GSH)”
- Normal-cell selectivity is partly mediated by NRF2-dependent antioxidant and detoxification responses.
- AgNPs impair mitochondrial electron transport, increasing electron leak and amplifying ROS upstream of ΔΨm collapse.
-AgNPs inhibit VEGF-driven endothelial signaling and permeability (anti-angiogenic effect)
-”upregulation of proapoptotic genes (p53, p21, Bax, and caspases) and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-2)”
-” upregulation of AMPK and downregulation of mTOR, MMP-9, BCL-2, and α-SMA”
-”p53 is a key player...proapoptotic genes p53 and Bax were significantly increased... noticeable reduction in Bcl-2 transcript levels”
-” p53 participates directly in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by regulating the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization”
- “Proapoptotic markers (BAX/BCL-XL, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, p53, p21, and caspases 3, 8 and 9) increased.”
-”The antiapoptotic markers, AKT and NF-kB, decreased in AgNP-treated cells.”

Chronic accumulation and long-term systemic effects remain insufficiently characterized.

Silver NanoParticles and Magnetic Fields
Summary:
1. “exposure to PMF increased the ability of AgNPs uptake”
2. 6x improvement from AgNPs alone

could glucose capping of SilverNPs work as trojan horse?

Sodium selenite might protect against toxicity of AgNPs in normal cells.

-uncoated AgNPs can degrade the gut microbiome. PVP, citrate, green-synthesized, chitosan coating, may reduce the effect.
Similar oxidative considerations may apply to selenium compounds, though mechanisms differ.
co-ingestion with food (higher pH) favors reduction and lower Ag+ levels.
-action mechanisms of AgNPs: the release of silver ions (Ag+), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), destruction of membrane structure.

AgNP anticancer effects come from three overlapping mechanisms:
-Nanoparticle–cell interaction (uptake, membrane effects)
-Intracellular ROS generation
-Controlled Ag⁺ release inside cancer cells

Comparison adding Citrate Capping
| Property              | Uncapped AgNPs | Citrate-capped AgNPs |
| --------------------- | -------------- | -------------------- |
| Stability             | Poor           | Excellent            |
| Free Ag⁺              | High           | Low                  |
| Normal cell toxicity  | Higher         | Lower                |
| Cancer selectivity    | Lower          | **Higher**           |
| Mechanism specificity | Crude          | **Targeted**         |
| Storage behavior      | Degrades       | Stable               |

Rank Pathway / Target Axis Cancer Cells Normal Cells Primary Effect Notes / Cancer Relevance Ref
1 Oxidative stress / ROS generation ↑ ROS (sustained) ↑ transient ROS → ↓ net ROS after adaptation Upstream cytotoxic trigger AgNP exposure commonly elevates ROS in cancer cells, initiating downstream stress-death programs (ref)
2 Thiol buffering (GSH pool) ↓ GSH (depletion) ↔ or transient ↓ with recovery Loss of redox buffering Colon cancer model: AgNPs induce oxidative cell damage through inhibition/depletion of reduced glutathione with downstream mitochondrial apoptosis (ref)
3 Mitochondrial ETC / respiration ↓ ETC efficiency; ↑ electron leak ↔ mild inhibition with recovery Bioenergetic destabilization ETC impairment amplifies ROS, precedes ΔΨm loss, and contributes to ATP collapse in cancer cells
4 Mitochondrial integrity (ΔΨm / MMP) ↓ ΔΨm ↔ largely preserved Mitochondrial dysfunction Breast cancer model: AgNP exposure dissipates mitochondrial membrane potential during cytotoxic progression (ref)
5 Intrinsic apoptosis (caspase cascade) ↑ caspase-dependent apoptosis ↔ minimal activation Programmed cell death Colon cancer model: “silver-based nanoparticles” induce apoptosis mediated through p53 (apoptosis direction shown) (ref)
6 Genotoxic stress / DNA damage ↑ DNA damage ↑ damage at high dose with efficient repair Checkpoint/death signaling Study documents AgNP-mediated DNA damage; susceptibility increases with impaired DNA repair capacity (ref)
7 ER stress / UPR (CHOP-dependent) ↑ ER stress → apoptosis ↑ adaptive UPR (no CHOP) Proteotoxic stress signaling Breast cancer cells: AgNPs induce “irremediable” ER stress leading to UPR-dependent apoptosis (ref)
8 Autophagy program ↑ autophagy (protective) ↑ adaptive autophagy Stress adaptation AgNPs induce autophagy in cancer cells; inhibiting autophagy enhances AgNP anticancer killing (ref)
9 Autophagic flux / lysosomal function ↓ flux (lysosomal defect) ↔ preserved flux Autophagic failure AgNP-induced lysosomal dysfunction drives autophagic flux defects (LC3-II accumulation) (ref)
10 NRF2 antioxidant response ↔ insufficient activation ↑ NRF2 activation Adaptive redox defense NRF2 activation in normal cells restores GSH and antioxidant enzymes, limiting toxicity
11 Stress MAPK (p38) / checkpoint signaling ↑ p38 → arrest/apoptosis ↑ transient p38 → recovery Stress signaling Jurkat T-cell model shows p38 MAPK activation with DNA damage and apoptosis (ref)
12 Angiogenesis / invasion (VEGF, NF-κB-linked) ↓ angiogenesis / ↓ invasion ↔ minimal effect Anti-angiogenic / anti-invasive AgNPs inhibit VEGF-induced permeability and invasion in tumor models (ref)


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
4436- AgNPs,    Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) as Enhancers of Everolimus and Radiotherapy Sensitivity on Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
- in-vitro, Kidney, 786-O
ROS↑, MMP↑, TumCCA↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, RadioS↑,
4435- AgNPs,  Gluc,    Glucose-Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles as a Potential New Therapy Agent Targeting Hormone-Resistant Prostate Cancer cells
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3 - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, DU145
selectivity↑, ROS↑, mtDam↑, TumCCA↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, MMP↓,
4434- AgNPs,  SSE,    Sodium Selenite Ameliorates Silver Nanoparticles Induced Vascular Endothelial Cytotoxic Injury by Antioxidative Properties and Suppressing Inflammation Through Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway
- vitro+vivo, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *NLRP3↓, *NF-kB↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *toxicity↓,
4433- AgNPs,    Advancements in metal and metal oxide nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy and imaging: Mechanisms, applications, and safety concerns
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2 - in-vitro, Nor, L02
selectivity↑, selectivity↓, mt-ROS↑,
4432- AgNPs,    Emerging nanostructure-based strategies for breast cancer therapy: innovations, challenges, and future directions
- Review, NA, NA
ROS↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑,
4431- AgNPs,  doxoR,    Oxidative Stress-Induced Silver Nano-Carriers for Chemotherapy
- in-vitro, BC, 4T1 - in-vivo, BC, 4T1 - in-vitro, Nor, 3T3
AntiCan↑, ROS↑, TumVol↓, EPR↑, selectivity↑, ChemoSen↑,
4430- AgNPs,    Evaluation of the Genotoxic and Oxidative Damage Potential of Silver Nanoparticles in Human NCM460 and HCT116 Cells
- in-vitro, Colon, HCT116 - in-vitro, Nor, NCM460
*Bacteria↓, ROS↑, p‑p38↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, P21↑, TumCD↑, toxicity↝,
4429- AgNPs,    Comparative proteomic analysis reveals the different hepatotoxic mechanisms of human hepatocytes exposed to silver nanoparticles
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
*toxicity↝, selectivity↑, mt-ROS↑,
4428- AgNPs,    p38 MAPK Activation, DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis As Mechanisms of Toxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Jurkat T Cells
- in-vitro, AML, Jurkat
toxicity↝, tumCV↓, ROS↑, p38↑, NRF2↓, NF-kB↝, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑,
2208- AgNPs,    Sepsis diagnosis and treatment using nanomaterials
- Review, NA, NA
Bacteria↓,
1903- AgNPs,    Novel Silver Complexes Based on Phosphanes and Ester Derivatives of Bis(pyrazol-1-yl)acetate Ligands Targeting TrxR: New Promising Chemotherapeutic Tools Relevant to SCLC Managemen
- in-vitro, Lung, U1285
TrxR↓, eff↝, ROS↑,
1905- AgNPs,    Evaluation of the effect of silver and silver nanoparticles on the function of selenoproteins using an in-vitro model of the fish intestine: The cell line RTgutGC
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*TrxR↓, *ROS∅, GPx↑,
1906- AgNPs,  GoldNP,  Cu,    Current Progresses in Metal-based Anticancer Complexes as Mammalian TrxR Inhibitors
- Review, Var, NA
TrxR↓, eff↓, eff↓,
1907- AgNPs,  GoldNP,  Cu,    In vitro antitumour activity of water soluble Cu(I), Ag(I) and Au(I) complexes supported by hydrophilic alkyl phosphine ligands
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, BC, MCF-7 - in-vitro, Melanoma, A375 - in-vitro, Colon, HCT15 - in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa
TrxR↓, eff↓, eff↓, other∅,
1908- AgNPs,    Exposure to Silver Nanoparticles Inhibits Selenoprotein Synthesis and the Activity of Thioredoxin Reductase
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
TrxR↓, TrxR1↓, ROS↑, ER Stress↑, TumCP↓, selenoP↓,
1909- AgNPs,    The Antibacterial Drug Candidate SBC3 is a Potent Inhibitor of Bacterial Thioredoxin Reductase
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
TrxR↓,
2205- AgNPs,    Potential protective efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesised from earthworm extract in a septic mice model
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*Dose↝, *eff↑, *RenoP↑, *antiOx↑, *MDA↓, *NO↓, *hepatoP↑, *toxicity↝, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *GSTs↑, *Catalase↑,
2206- AgNPs,  RES,    ENHANCED EFFICACY OF RESVERATROL-LOADED SILVER NANOPARTICLE IN ATTENUATING SEPSIS-INDUCED ACUTE LIVER INJURY: MODULATION OF INFLAMMATION, OXIDATIVE STRESS, AND SIRT1 ACTIVATION
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*hepatoP↑, *Inflam↓, *NF-kB↓, *VEGF↓, *SIRT1↑, *ROS↓, *Dose↝, *Catalase↑, *MDA↓, *MPO↓, *NO↓, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *antiOx↑,
2207- AgNPs,  TQ,    Protective effects of Nigella sativa L. seeds aqueous extract-based silver nanoparticles on sepsis-induced damages in rats
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*eff↑, *RenoP↑, *hepatoP↑, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓,
1902- AgNPs,    Modulation of the mechanism of action of antibacterial silver N-heterocyclic carbene complexes by variation of the halide ligand
- in-vitro, NA, NA
TrxR↓, GSR↓, GSH↓,
2286- AgNPs,    Short-term changes in intracellular ROS localisation after the silver nanoparticles exposure depending on particle size
- in-vitro, Nor, 3T3
*eff↑, *mt-ROS↑, *eff↑,
2287- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles induce endothelial cytotoxicity through ROS-mediated mitochondria-lysosome damage and autophagy perturbation: The protective role of N-acetylcysteine
- in-vitro, Nor, HUVECs
*TumCP↓, *ROS↑, *eff↓, *MDA↑, *GSH↓, *MMP↓, *ATP↓, *LC3II↑, *p62↑, *Bcl-2↓, *BAX↑, *Casp3↑,
2288- AgNPs,    Silver Nanoparticle-Mediated Cellular Responses in Various Cell Lines: An in Vitro Model
- Review, Var, NA
*ROS↑, Akt↓, ERK↓, DNAdam↑, Ca+2↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, TumCCA↑, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, P53↑, p‑ERK↑, ER Stress↑, cl‑ATF6↑, GRP78/BiP↑, CHOP↑, UPR↑,
2538- AgNPs,  SDT,  Z,    Dual-functional silver nanoparticle-enhanced ZnO nanorods for improved reactive oxygen species generation and cancer treatment
- Study, Var, NA - vitro+vivo, NA, NA
ROS↑, eff↑, eff↑, TumCP↓, toxicity↓,
2539- AgNPs,  SDT,    Combined effect of silver nanoparticles and therapeutical ultrasound on ovarian carcinoma cells A2780
- in-vitro, Melanoma, A2780S
tumCV↓, sonoP↑, BioEnh↑,
2834- AgNPs,  Gluc,    Electrochemical oxidation of glucose on silver nanoparticle-modified composite electrodes
- Study, NA, NA
Dose?,
2835- AgNPs,  Gluc,    Carbohydrate functionalization of silver nanoparticles modulates cytotoxicity and cellular uptake
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
Dose↝, eff↑, ROS↑, eff↝, eff↑, eff↝, eff↑, eff↝,
2836- AgNPs,  Gluc,    Glucose capped silver nanoparticles induce cell cycle arrest in HeLa cells
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa
eff↝, TumCCA↑, eff↑, eff↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, SOD↓, lipid-P↑, LDH↑,
2837- AgNPs,    Trojan-Horse Mechanism in the Cellular Uptake of Silver Nanoparticles Verified by Direct Intra- and Extracellular Silver Speciation Analysis
- in-vitro, NA, NA
eff↑,
398- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles induced testicular damage targeting NQO1 and APE1 dysregulation, apoptosis via Bax/Bcl-2 pathway, fibrosis via TGF-β/α-SMA upregulation in rats
- in-vivo, Testi, NA
Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, GSH↓, MDA↑, NO↑, H2O2↑, SOD↓,
389- AgNPs,  Citrate,    Silver Citrate Nanoparticles Inhibit PMA-Induced TNFα Expression via Deactivation of NF-κB Activity in Human Cancer Cell-Lines, MCF-7
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓,
390- AgNPs,    Anti-cancerous effect of albumin coated silver nanoparticles on MDA-MB 231 human breast cancer cell line
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231 - in-vivo, BC, NA
ROS↑, TumVol↓,
391- AgNPs,    Silver nanoparticles inhibit VEGF-and IL-1β-induced vascular permeability via Src dependent pathway in porcine retinal endothelial cells
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*VEGF↓, *IL1↓, toxicity↝, other↝,
305- AgNPs,    Activity and pharmacology of homemade silver nanoparticles in refractory metastatic head and neck squamous cell cancer
- Case Report, HNSCC, NA
OS↑, Dose↓, BioAv↝, toxicity↓, Remission↑, other↝, other↝, other↝, Dose↝, BioAv↝,
393- AgNPs,    Green synthesized plant-based silver nanoparticles: therapeutic prospective for anticancer and antiviral activity
- in-vitro, NA, HCT116
mtDam↑, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Casp3↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, P53↑,
394- AgNPs,    Anticancer activity of Moringa oleifera mediated silver nanoparticles on human cervical carcinoma cells by apoptosis induction
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa
ROS↑,
395- AgNPs,    The apoptotic and genomic studies on A549 cell line induced by silver nitrate
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
BAX↑, MMP↓,
396- AgNPs,    Systemic Evaluation of Mechanism of Cytotoxicity in Human Colon Cancer HCT-116 Cells of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Marine Algae Ulva lactuca Extract
- in-vitro, Colon, HCT116
P53↑, BAX↑, P21↑, Bcl-2↓,
397- AgNPs,  GEM,    Silver nanoparticles enhance the apoptotic potential of gemcitabine in human ovarian cancer cells: combination therapy for effective cancer treatment
- in-vitro, Ovarian, A2780S
P53↑, P21↑, BAX↑, Bak↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, ROS↑, MMP↓,
4358- AgNPs,  HPT,  Rad,    Silver nanocrystals mediated combination therapy of radiation with magnetic hyperthermia on glioma cells
- in-vitro, GBM, U251
RadioS↑, eff↑, TumCD↑,
399- AgNPs,  SIL,    Cytotoxic potentials of silibinin assisted silver nanoparticles on human colorectal HT-29 cancer cells
- in-vitro, CRC, HT-29
P53↑,
400- AgNPs,  MF,    Polyvinyl Alcohol Capped Silver Nanostructures for Fortified Apoptotic Potential Against Human Laryngeal Carcinoma Cells Hep-2 Using Extremely-Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field
- in-vitro, Laryn, HEp2
TumCP↓, Casp3↑, P53↑, Beclin-1↑, TumAuto↑, GSR↑, ROS↑, MDA↑, ROS↑, SIRT1↑, Ca+2↑, Endon↑, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, NF-kB↓,
402- AgNPs,  MF,    Anticancer and antibacterial potentials induced post short-term exposure to electromagnetic field and silver nanoparticles and related pathological and genetic alterations: in vitro study
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
P53↑, iNOS↑, NF-kB↑, Bcl-2↓, miR-125b↓, ROS↑, SOD↑,
403- AgNPs,  RF,    Synergetic effects of silver and gold nanoparticles in the presence of radiofrequency radiation on human kidney cells
- in-vitro, NA, HNK
Apoptosis↝,
887- AgNPs,    Antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles against isolated urinary tract infectious bacterial pathogens
- in-vitro, UTI, NA
Bacteria↓,
888- AgNPs,    Antibacterial Effects of Silver Nanoparticles on the Bacterial Strains Isolated from Catheterized Urinary Tract Infection Cases
- in-vivo, UTI, NA
Bacteria↓,
1406- AgNPs,    The antioxidant effects of silver, gold, and zinc oxide nanoparticles on male mice in in vivo condition
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*ROS↓, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *ROS↑,
1594- AgNPs,  Citrate,    Silver Citrate Nanoparticles Inhibit PMA-Induced TNFα Expression via Deactivation of NF-κB Activity in Human Cancer Cell-Lines, MCF-7
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
TNF-α↓, NF-kB↓, antiOx↑, TumCP↓,
4388- AgNPs,    Differential Cytotoxic Potential of Silver Nanoparticles in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells and Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells
- in-vitro, Cerv, NA
tumCV↓, CSCs↓, selectivity↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, LDH↓, Casp3↑, BAX↑, Bak↑, cMyc↑, MMP↓,
4378- AgNPs,    Exploring silver nanoparticles for cancer therapy and diagnosis
- Review, Var, NA
AntiTum↑, ROS↑, eff↑, RadioS↑,

Showing Research Papers: 101 to 150 of 277
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* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 277

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↓, 3,   GSR↓, 1,   GSR↑, 1,   H2O2↑, 1,   lipid-P↑, 1,   MDA↑, 2,   NRF2↓, 1,   ROS↑, 21,   mt-ROS↑, 2,   selenoP↓, 1,   SOD↓, 2,   SOD↑, 1,   TrxR↓, 6,   TrxR1↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

MMP↓, 5,   MMP↑, 1,   mtDam↑, 2,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

cMyc↑, 1,   LDH↓, 1,   LDH↑, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 7,   Apoptosis↝, 1,   Bak↑, 2,   BAX↑, 7,   Bcl-2↓, 6,   Casp3↑, 5,   Casp9↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 2,   Endon↑, 1,   iNOS↑, 1,   p38↑, 1,   p‑p38↑, 1,   TumCD↑, 2,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↝, 4,   other∅, 1,   tumCV↓, 3,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

cl‑ATF6↑, 1,   CHOP↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 2,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,   UPR↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

Beclin-1↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 4,   P53↑, 7,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

P21↑, 3,   TumCCA↑, 5,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

CSCs↓, 1,   ERK↓, 1,   p‑ERK↑, 1,   miR-125b↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 2,   TumCP↓, 7,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

EPR↑, 1,   NO↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

sonoP↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

NF-kB↓, 3,   NF-kB↑, 1,   NF-kB↝, 1,   TNF-α↓, 2,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↝, 2,   BioEnh↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 1,   Dose?, 1,   Dose↓, 1,   Dose↝, 2,   eff↓, 4,   eff↑, 10,   eff↝, 5,   RadioS↑, 3,   selectivity↓, 1,   selectivity↑, 5,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

LDH↓, 1,   LDH↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiTum↑, 1,   OS↑, 1,   Remission↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 2,   toxicity↝, 3,   TumVol↓, 2,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 3,  
Total Targets: 86

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 2,   Catalase↑, 3,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↓, 1,   GSH↑, 2,   GSTs↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   MDA↓, 3,   MDA↑, 1,   MPO↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 3,   ROS↑, 3,   ROS∅, 1,   mt-ROS↑, 1,   SOD↑, 2,   TrxR↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↓, 1,   MMP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

LC3II↑, 1,   p62↑, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

TumCP↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

NO↓, 2,   VEGF↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL1↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 2,   NF-kB↓, 2,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

NLRP3↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Dose↝, 2,   eff↓, 1,   eff↑, 4,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

hepatoP↑, 3,   RenoP↑, 2,   toxicity↓, 1,   toxicity↝, 2,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 45

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

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