NRF2 Cancer Research Results

NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2: Click to Expand ⟱
Source: TCGA
Type: Antiapoptotic
Nrf2 is responsible for regulating an extensive panel of antioxidant enzymes involved in the detoxification and elimination of oxidative stress. Thought of as "Master Regulator" of antioxidant response.
-One way to estimate Nrf2 induction is through the expression of NQO1.
NQO1, the most potent inducer:
SFN 0.2 μM,
quercetin (2.5 μM),
curcumin (2.7 μM),
Silymarin (3.6 μM),
tamoxifen (5.9 μM),
genistein (6.2 μM ),
beta-carotene (7.2μM),
lutein (17 μM),
resveratrol (21 μM),
indol-3-carbinol (50 μM),
chlorophyll (250 μM),
alpha-cryptoxanthin (1.8 mM),
and zeaxanthin (2.2 mM)

1. Raising Nrf2 enhances the cell's antioxidant defenses and ↓ROS. This strategy is used to decrease chemo-radio side effects.
2. Downregulating Nrf2 lowers antioxidant defenses and ↑ROS. In cancer cells this leads to DNA damage, and cell death.
3. However there are some cases where increasing Nrf2 paradoxically causes an increase in ROS (cancer cells). Such as cases of Mitochondial overload, signal crosstalk, reductive stress

-In some cases, Nrf2 is overexpressed in cancer cells, which can lead to the activation of genes involved in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. This can contribute to the development of resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapies.
-Increased Nrf2 expression: Lung, Breast, Colorectal, Prostrate.
Decreased Nrf2 expression: Skine, Liver, Pancreatic.
-Nrf2 is a cytoprotective transcription factor which demonstrated both a negative effect as well as a positive effect on cancer
- "promotes Nrf2 translocation from the cytoplasm to the nucleus," means facilitates the movement of Nrf2 into the nucleus, thereby enhancing the cell's antioxidant and cytoprotective responses. -Major regulator of Nrf2 activity in cells is the cytosolic inhibitor Keap1.

Nrf2 Inhibitors and Activators
Nrf2 Inhibitors: Brusatol, Luteolin, Trigonelline, VitC, Retinoic acid, Chrysin
Nrf2 Activators: SFN, OPZ EGCG, Resveratrol, DATS, CUR, CDDO, Api
- potent Nrf2 inducers from plants include sulforaphane, curcumin, EGCG, resveratrol, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, wasabi, cafestol and kahweol (coffee), cinnamon, ginger, garlic, lycopene, rosemany

Nrf2 plays dual roles in that it can protect normal tissues against oxidative damage and can act as an oncogenic protein in tumor tissue.
– In healthy tissues, NRF2 activation helps protect cells from oxidative damage and maintains cellular homeostasis.
– In many cancers, constitutive activation of NRF2 (often through mutations in NRF2 itself or loss-of-function mutations in KEAP1) leads to an enhanced antioxidant capacity.
– This upregulation can promote tumor cell survival by enabling cancer cells to thrive under oxidative stress, resist chemotherapeutic agents, and sustain metabolic reprogramming.
– Elevated NRF2 levels have been implicated in promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy in various malignancies.
– High or sustained NRF2 activity is frequently associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes, poorer prognosis, and decreased overall survival in several cancer types.
– While its activation is essential for protecting normal cells from oxidative stress, aberrant or sustained NRF2 activation in tumor cells can lead to enhanced survival, therapeutic resistance, and tumor progression.

NRF2 inhibitors: (to decrease antioxidant defenses and increase cell death from ROS).
-Brusatol: most cited natural inhibitors of Nrf2.
-Luteolin: luteolin can reduce Nrf2 activity in specific cancer models and may enhance cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. However, luteolin is also known as an antioxidant, and its influence on Nrf2 can sometimes be context dependent.
-Apigenin: certain studies to down‑regulate Nrf2 in cancer cells: Dose and context dependent .
-Oridonin:
-Wogonin: although its effects might be cell‑ and dose‑specific.
- Withaferin A

Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
3510- Bor,    Boron Affects the Development of the Kidney Through Modulation of Apoptosis, Antioxidant Capacity, and Nrf2 Pathway in the African Ostrich Chicks
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*RenoP↑, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, *Apoptosis↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *MDA↓, *lipid-P↓, *GPx↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *ALP↓,
3511- Bor,    Boron
- Review, NA, NA
*memory↑, *motorD↑, *neuroP↑, Ca+2↓, ATF4↑, NRF2↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓,
3513- Bor,    Boric Acid Activation of eIF2α and Nrf2 Is PERK Dependent: a Mechanism that Explains How Boron Prevents DNA Damage and Enhances Antioxidant Status
- in-vitro, Pca, DU145 - in-vitro, Nor, MEF
NRF2↑, selectivity↑, NQO1↑, GCLC↑, HO-1↑, TumCP↓,
3524- Bor,    Boric Acid Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice
*Inflam↓, *SOD↑, *MDA↓, *GRP78/BiP↓, *CHOP↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑,
4272- Bor,    Neuroprotective properties of borax against aluminum hydroxide-induced neurotoxicity: Possible role of Nrf-2/BDNF/AChE pathways in fish brain
*NRF2↑, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, *lipid-P↑, *Inflam↓, *DNAdam↓, *BDNF↑, *neuroP↑, *GSH↑,
738- Bor,    Borax induces ferroptosis of glioblastoma by targeting HSPA5/NRF2/GPx4/GSH pathways
- in-vitro, GBM, U251 - in-vitro, GBM, A172 - in-vitro, Nor, SVGp12
TumCP↓, GPx4↓, GSH↓, HSP70/HSPA5↓, NRF2↓, MDA↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Ferroptosis↑, selectivity↑,
726- Bor,    Redox Mechanisms Underlying the Cytostatic Effects of Boric Acid on Cancer Cells—An Issue Still Open
- Review, NA, NA
NAD↝, SAM-e↝, PSA↓, IGF-1↓, Cyc↓, P21↓, p‑MEK↓, p‑ERK↓, ROS↑, SOD↓, Catalase↓, MDA↑, GSH↓, IL1↓, IL6↓, TNF-α↓, BRAF↝, MAPK↝, PTEN↝, PI3K/Akt↝, eIF2α↑, ATF4↑, ATF6↑, NRF2↑, BAX↑, BID↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓,
3866- Bos,    Mechanistic role of boswellic acids in Alzheimer's disease: Emphasis on anti-inflammatory properties
- Review, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *AChE↓, *Ach↑, *NRF2↑, *NF-kB↓, *Aβ↓,
2775- Bos,    The journey of boswellic acids from synthesis to pharmacological activities
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, PSA, NA
ROS↑, ER Stress↑, TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, Inflam↓, ChemoSen↑, Casp↑, ERK↓, cl‑PARP↑, AR↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, VEGFR2↓, CXCR4↓, radioP↑, NF-kB↓, VEGF↓, P21↑, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Cyt‑c↑, MMP2↓, MMP1↓, MMP9↓, PI3K↓, MAPK↓, JNK↑, *5LO↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *hepatoP↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *LDH↑, *CRP↓, *COX2↓, *GSH↑, *ROS↓, *Imm↑, *Dose↝, *eff↑, *neuroP↑, *cognitive↑, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓,
2768- Bos,    Boswellic acids as promising agents for the management of brain diseases
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA
*neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *cognitive↓, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓, Apoptosis↑, *Inflam↓, IL1↓, IL2↓, IL4↓, IL6↓, TNF-α↓, P53↑, Akt↓, NF-kB↓, DNAdam↑, Casp↑, COX2↓, MMP9↓, CXCR4↓, VEGF↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *NRF2↑,
2772- Bos,    Mechanistic role of boswellic acids in Alzheimer’s disease: Emphasis on anti-inflammatory properties
- Review, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *AChE↓, *Choline↑, *NRF2↑, *NF-kB↑, *BBB↑, *BioAv↑, *Half-Life↓, *Dose↝, *PGE2↓, *ROS↓, *cognitive↑, *antiOx↑, 5LO↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *HO-1↑,
1425- Bos,    Protective Effect of Boswellic Acids against Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity: Impact on Nrf2/HO-1 Defense Pathway
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*ChemoSen↑, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *DNAdam↓,
5695- BRU,    Brusatol enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy by inhibiting the Nrf2-mediated defense mechanism
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
NRF2↓, ChemoSen↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, TumCG↓, MRP1/ABCC1↓, GSH↓, cMyc↓,
5691- BRU,    Brusatol Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer PC-9 Cells
- in-vitro, Lung, PC9 - in-vitro, Lung, H1975
TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, Apoptosis↑, EGFR↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Akt↓, STAT3↓, TumMeta↓, ChemoSen↑, NRF2↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓,
5693- BRU,    Brusatol provokes a rapid and transient inhibition of Nrf2 signaling and sensitizes mammalian cells to chemical toxicity-implications for therapeutic targeting of Nrf2
- in-vivo, HCC, NA
NRF2↓, eff↑, p‑MAPK↑, p‑Akt↑, p‑ERK↑, p‑JNK↑,
5694- BRU,    Brusatol overcomes chemoresistance through inhibition of protein translation
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
NRF2↓, P53↓, P21↓,
5696- BRU,    The Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol is a potent antitumour agent in an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
NRF2↓, tumCV↓, ChemoSen↑,
5697- BRU,    Brusatol, a Nrf2 Inhibitor Targets STAT3 Signaling Cascade in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- in-vitro, HNSCC, NA
NRF2↓, STAT3↓, proCasp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, survivin↓, Hif1a↓, cMyc↓, JNK↑, MAPK↑, tumCV↓, ROS∅,
5698- BRU,    Brusatol suppresses STAT3-driven metastasis by downregulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma
- in-vitro, HCC, NA
TumCMig↓, EMT↓, STAT3↓, E-cadherin↑, NRF2↓, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, DNAdam↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, toxicity↓,
5699- BRU,  BJ,    Identification of the Brucea javanica Constituent Brusatol as a EGFR-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor in a Cell-Free Assay
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
EGFR↓, ChemoSen↑, NRF2↓, STAT3↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, ROCK1↓, Hif1a↓,
5700- BRU,    Brusatol modulates the Nrf2/GCLC pathway to enhance ferroptosis in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma
- in-vitro, Oral, CAL27
TumCG↓, Ferroptosis↑, TumCMig↓, NRF2↓, i-GSH↓, Iron↑, ROS↑,
5703- BRU,    Brusatol Enhances the Radiosensitivity of A549 Cells by Promoting ROS Production and Enhancing DNA Damage
- in-vitro, Lung, H1299 - in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Lung, H460
NRF2↓, RadioS↑, DNAdam↑, ROS↑,
5701- BRU,    Brusatol induced ferroptosis in osteosarcoma cells by modulating the Keap1/Nrf2/SLC7A11 signaling pathway
- in-vitro, OS, NA
TumMeta↓, TumCP↓, ROS↑, Ferroptosis↑, NRF2↓, ChemoSen↑,
5740- Buty,    A Review of Nutritional Regulation of Intestinal Butyrate Synthesis: Interactions Between Dietary Polysaccharides and Proteins
- Review, RCC, NA
*eff↓, Dose↝, eff↑, HDAC↓, ac‑H3↓, ac‑H4↓, *HCAR2↑, *Inflam↓, *ROS↓, *NRF2↑, *GSH↑, *CLDN1↑, *ZO-1↑, IL1β↓, IL6↓, COX2↓, eff↝, eff↑, other↝,
5864- CA,    Carnosic acid, a catechol-type electrophilic compound, protects neurons both in vitro and in vivo through activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway via S-alkylation of targeted cysteines on Keap1
- vitro+vivo, Stroke, PC12
*neuroP↑, *GSH↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *NRF2↑, *ARE↑, *ROS↓, *BBB↑,
5875- CA,    Carnosic acid prevents dextran sulfate sodium-induced acute colitis associated with the regulation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway
- in-vivo, IBD, NA
*antiOx↑, *Weight↑, *p65↓, *cJun↓, *NLRP3↓, *Casp1↓, *NRF2↑, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *MDA↓, *iNOS↓, other↝,
5872- CA,    Nrf2/ARE-Mediated Antioxidant Actions of Pro-Electrophilic Drugs
- Review, Nor, NA
*NRF2↑, *GSH↑, *neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *cardioP↑, *Obesity↓, *angioG↓, chemoP↑, *NF-kB↓,
5873- CA,    Carnosic acid serves as a dual Nrf2 activator and PTEN/AKT suppressor to inhibit traumatic heterotopic ossification
- vitro+vivo, Nor, NA
*NRF2↑, *NOX↓, *TAC↑, *ROS↓, *NQO1↑, *p‑PTEN↑, RUNX2↓, SOX9↓,
4263- CA,    Neuroprotective Effects of Carnosic Acid: Insight into Its Mechanisms of Action
- Review, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *NO↓, *COX2↓, *MAPK↓, *NRF2↑, *GSH↑, *HO-1↑, *5HT↑, *BDNF↑, *PI3K↑, *Akt↑, *NF-kB↑, *BBB↑, *SIRT1↑, *memory↑, *Aβ↓, *NLRP3↓,
4264- CA,    Carnosic Acid Mitigates Depression-Like Behavior in Ovariectomized Mice via Activation of Nrf2HO-1 Pathway
- in-vivo, NA, NA
*NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *Trx1↑, *BDNF↑, *5HT↑, *ROS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL1β↓, *iNOS↓,
4265- CA,    Potential applications of nanomedicine for treating Parkinson's disease
- Review, Park, NA
*NRF2↑, *ARE↑, *neuroP↑, *motorD↑, *cognitive↑, *SOD↑, *GSR↑, *NGF↑, *BDNF↑,
5859- CAP,    Are We Ready to Recommend Capsaicin for Disorders Other Than Neuropathic Pain?
- Review, Var, NA
*TRPV1↑, *Ca+2↑, *Na+↑, *UCPs↑, *SIRT1↑, *PPARγ↑, *Inflam↓, *lipid-P↑, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *NF-kB↓, *p‑Akt↑, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *ROS↑, *GutMicro↑,
5847- CAP,    An updated review on molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of capsaicin
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2
HO-1↑, ROS↑, NRF2↑, *lipid-P↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSR↑, *PGE2↓, *COX2↓, *iNOS↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK4↓, MMP↓, P53↑, P21↑, BAX↑, SIRT1↑, angioG↓, P-gp↓, ChemoSen↑,
2394- CAP,    Capsaicin acts as a novel NRF2 agonist to suppress ethanol induced gastric mucosa oxidative damage by directly disrupting the KEAP1-NRF2 interaction
- in-vitro, Nor, GES-1
*mtDam↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *Trx↑, *GSS↑, *NQO1↑, *Keap1↓, *ROS↓, *PKM2↓, *LDHA↓, *Inflam↓,
5768- CAPE,    Neuroprotective Potential of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) in CNS Disorders: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Insights
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*antiOx↑, *Inflam↑, *AntiCan↑, *NRF2↑, *GSK‐3β↑, *Akt↑, *PI3K↑, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *MDA↓, *tau↓, *neuroP↑, *memory↑, *AChE↓, *other↝, *lipid-P↓,
5766- CAPE,    A Nano-Liposomal Formulation of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Modulates Nrf2 and NF-κβ Signaling and Alleviates Experimentally Induced Acute Pancreatitis in a Rat Model
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*MDA↓, *NF-kB↓, *p65↓, *TNF-α↓, *cl‑Casp3↓, *GSR↑, *GSH↑, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *Bax:Bcl2↓, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓,
5900- CAR,  TV,    Lights and Shadows of Essential Oil-Derived Compounds: Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Eugenol, Thymol, Cinnamaldehyde, and Carvacrol
- Review, Nor, NA
*Bacteria↓, *Inflam↓, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *NADPH↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓,
5926- CAR,    An Updated Review of Research into Carvacrol and Its Biological Activities
- Review, Nor, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, asthmatic, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *BioAv↑, *toxicity↓, *Pain↓, *TRPV3↑, *NRF2↑, *Ca+2↑, *ATP↑, *5LO↓, *COX2↓, PGE2↓, *hepatoP↑, *AntiAg↑, *Diar↓, *cardioP↑, *other↝, *chemoPv↑, *cognitive↑, *AChE↓, *GastroP↑, *eff↑, *BChE↓, *CRP↓,
5925- CAR,    Neuroprotective effects of carvacrol against Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases: A review
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *AChE↓, *BBB↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *memory↑, *TAC↑, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *NRF2↑, *cognitive↑, *IL1β↓, *COX2↓, *TNF-α↓, *TLR4↓, *BDNF↑, *PKCδ↑, *5LO↓, *TRPM7↓, *GSH↑, *other↑, *Ferroptosis↓, *GPx4↑,
5928- Catechins,    Bioavailability of Tea Catechins and Its Improvement
- Review, Nor, NA
*BioAv↝, *BioAv↓, *ROS⇅, *NRF2↑, *BioAv↑, *Half-Life↓, *BioAv↑, *BioAv↑, BioAv↑,
6254- CBC/D,    Cynanchum auriculatum Royle ex Wight., Cynanchum bungei Decne. and Cynanchum wilfordii (Maxim.) Hemsl.: Current Research and Prospects
- Review, Var, NA
*neuroP↑, *Imm↑, *Inflam↓, CSCs↓, HH↓, Gli↓, AST↓, ALAT↓, MDA↓, hepatoP↑, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, NF-kB?, GSK‐3β↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, COX2↓, MMP2↑, MMP9↓, BioAv↑,
2392- Cela,    The role of natural products targeting macrophage polarization in sepsis-induced lung injury
- Review, Sepsis, NA
TNF-α↓, IL1β↓, IL6↓, Warburg↓, PKM2↓, NRF2↑, HO-1↑, NF-kB↓, iNOS↓, M1↓,
6005- CGA,  Rad,    Chlorogenic Acid, the Main Antioxidant in Coffee, Reduces Radiation-Induced Apoptosis and DNA Damage via NF-E2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Activation in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- in-vitro, HCC, HUH7
RadioS↓, ROS↓, NRF2↑,
6018- CGA,    Chlorogenic acid: a review on its mechanisms of anti-inflammation, disease treatment, and related delivery systems
- Review, Var, NA - Review, RCC, NA
*BioAv↓, *Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *NO↓, *COX2↓, *PGE2↓, *NF-kB↓, *IL6↓, *IL1β↓, *TLR2↓, *MAPK↓, *NRF2↓, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *SOD↑, *GSH↑, *ROS↓, *LDH↓, *MDA↓, *cognitive↑, *eff↑,
6002- CGA,    Chlorogenic Acid: A Systematic Review on the Biological Functions, Mechanistic Actions, and Therapeutic Potentials
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Diabetic, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*neuroP↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *NRF2↑, *AMPK↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GSH↑, *GPx↑, *ROS↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *NF-kB↓, *COX2↓, *glucose↓, *TRPC1↓, *Ca+2↓, *HO-1↑, *NF-kB↓, *PPARα↝, *Hif1a↓, *JNK↓, *BP↓, *AntiDiabetic↑, *hepatoP↑, *TLR4↓, *NRF2↑, *Casp↓, *neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *LDH↓, *MDA↓, *memory↑, *AChE↓, *eff↑, EMT↝, N-cadherin↓, E-cadherin↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, p‑P53↑, HO-1↑, NRF2↑, ChemoSen↑, mtDam↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, PARP↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, TumCG↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cMyc↓, CDK2↓, mitResp↓, Glycolysis↓, Hif1a↓, PCNA↓, p‑GSK‐3β↓, VEGF↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, OS↑,
6013- CGA,    Advances in Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Bioavailability Strategies of Chlorogenic Acid in Cardiovascular Diseases Therapy
- Review, CardioV, NA
*BioAv↝, *BioAv↝, *BP↓, *ROS↓, *NADPH↓, *AntiAg↑, *TXA2↓, *antiOx↑, *cardioP↑, *Inflam↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *Ferroptosis↓, *NF-kB↓, *JNK↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *toxicity↓, *BioAv↓, *BioAv↑, *BioAv↑, eff↑,
6007- CGA,    A Comprehensive View on the Impact of Chlorogenic Acids on Colorectal Cancer
- Review, CRC, NA
antiOx↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, Wnt↝, PI3K↝, MAPK↝, ROS↓, BioAv↝, P53↑, P21↑, CDK1↑, Ki-67↓, Ca+2↑, p‑Akt↓, mTOR↓, GSH↑, NRF2↑, HO-1↑, COX2↓, TNF-α↓, IL1β↓, IL6↓,
6010- CGA,    The Biological Activity Mechanism of Chlorogenic Acid and Its Applications in Food Industry: A Review
- Review, Nor, NA
*antiOx↑, *hepatoP↑, *RenoP↑, AntiTum↑, *glucose↝, *Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *Keap1↓, *NRF2↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSH↑, *MDA↓, *p‑ERK↑, *GRP78/BiP↑, *CHOP↑, *GRP94↑, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *HGF/c-Met↑, *TNF-α↓, *TLR4↓, *MAPK↓, *IL1β↓, *iNOS↓, TCA↓, Glycolysis↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, MAPK↑, JNK↑, CSCs↓, Nanog↓, SOX2↓, CD44↓, OCT4↓, P53↑, P21↑, *SOD1↑, *AGEs↓, *GLUT2↑, *HDL↑, *Fas↓, *HMG-CoA↓, *NF-kB↓, *HO-1↓, *COX2↓, *TLR4↓, *BioAv↑, *BioAv↝, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓,
6011- CGA,    Chlorogenic Acid’s Role in Metabolic Health: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential
- Review, Nor, NA
*BioAv↓, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *Bacteria↓, *hepatoP↑, *cardioP↑, *neuroP↑, *ROS↓, *NF-kB↓, *NRF2↑, *Obesity↓, *GutMicro↑, *AntiAg↑, *cardioP↑, *AntiDiabetic↑, *NLRP3↓, *OCLN↓, *VEGF↓, BioAv↝,
6040- CGA,    Protective effect of chlorogenic acid on cognitive impairment in rats with early Alzheimer's disease via Wnt signaling pathway
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *Dose↝, *GSK‐3β↓, *tau↓, *β-catenin/ZEB1↑, *Wnt↑, *memory↑, *cognitive↑, *NRF2↑, *ROS↓,

Showing Research Papers: 101 to 150 of 506
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* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 506

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   Catalase↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 3,   GCLC↑, 1,   GPx4↓, 1,   GSH↓, 3,   GSH↑, 1,   i-GSH↓, 1,   HO-1↑, 5,   Iron↑, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   MDA↑, 2,   NQO1↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 12,   NRF2↑, 8,   ROS↓, 2,   ROS↑, 7,   ROS∅, 1,   SAM-e↝, 1,   SOD↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

p‑MEK↓, 1,   mitResp↓, 1,   MMP↓, 1,   mtDam↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   cMyc↓, 3,   Glycolysis↓, 2,   NAD↝, 1,   PI3K/Akt↝, 1,   PKM2↓, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,   TCA↓, 1,   Warburg↓, 1,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 5,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   p‑Akt↑, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 5,   BAX↑, 3,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 3,   Bcl-xL↓, 2,   BID↑, 1,   Casp↑, 2,   Casp3↑, 3,   proCasp3↑, 1,   Casp7↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 2,   Cyt‑c↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 3,   iNOS↓, 1,   JNK↑, 3,   p‑JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 2,   MAPK↝, 2,   p‑MAPK↑, 1,   survivin↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

SOX9↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

ac‑H3↓, 1,   ac‑H4↓, 1,   other↝, 2,   tumCV↓, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ATF6↑, 1,   eIF2α↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 1,   HSP70/HSPA5↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 3,   P53↓, 1,   P53↑, 4,   p‑P53↑, 1,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 2,   PCNA↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK1↑, 1,   CDK2↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 1,   Cyc↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 2,   cycE/CCNE↓, 1,   P21↓, 2,   P21↑, 4,   TumCCA↑, 3,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

BRAF↝, 1,   CD44↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 2,   EMT↓, 1,   EMT↝, 1,   ERK↓, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   p‑ERK↑, 1,   Gli↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   p‑GSK‐3β↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 1,   HH↓, 1,   IGF-1↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 4,   Nanog↓, 1,   OCT4↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 3,   PI3K↝, 1,   PTEN↝, 1,   RUNX2↓, 1,   SOX2↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 4,   TumCG↓, 4,   Wnt↓, 1,   Wnt↝, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

5LO↓, 1,   Ca+2↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 2,   Ki-67↓, 1,   MMP1↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP2↑, 1,   MMP9↓, 3,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   ROCK1↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 3,   TumCMig↓, 6,   TumCP↓, 8,   TumMeta↓, 3,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 3,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 2,   ATF4↑, 2,   EGFR↓, 2,   Hif1a↓, 3,   VEGF↓, 3,   VEGFR2↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

P-gp↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 4,   CXCR4↓, 2,   IL1↓, 2,   IL1β↓, 3,   IL2↓, 1,   IL4↓, 1,   IL6↓, 5,   Inflam↓, 1,   M1↓, 1,   NF-kB?, 1,   NF-kB↓, 3,   PGE2↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 4,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↑, 2,   BioAv↝, 2,   ChemoSen↑, 9,   Dose↝, 1,   eff↑, 4,   eff↝, 1,   MRP1/ABCC1↓, 1,   RadioS↓, 1,   RadioS↑, 2,   selectivity↑, 2,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AR↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   BRAF↝, 1,   EGFR↓, 2,   IL6↓, 5,   Ki-67↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiTum↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 1,   OS↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 170

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 12,   ARE↑, 2,   Catalase↑, 7,   Ferroptosis↓, 2,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx↑, 4,   GPx4↑, 1,   GSH↑, 13,   GSR↑, 3,   GSS↑, 1,   HDL↑, 1,   HO-1↓, 1,   HO-1↑, 16,   Keap1↓, 2,   lipid-P↓, 5,   lipid-P↑, 2,   MDA↓, 10,   NQO1↑, 4,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 31,   ROS↓, 21,   ROS↑, 1,   ROS⇅, 1,   SOD↑, 13,   SOD1↑, 1,   TAC↑, 2,   Trx↑, 1,   Trx1↑, 1,   UCPs↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

ATP↑, 1,   mtDam↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   AMPK↑, 1,   glucose↓, 1,   glucose↝, 1,   GLUT2↑, 1,   HMG-CoA↓, 1,   LDH↓, 2,   LDH↑, 1,   LDHA↓, 1,   NADPH↓, 2,   PKM2↓, 1,   PPARα↝, 1,   PPARγ↑, 1,   SIRT1↑, 2,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↑, 2,   p‑Akt↑, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   Bax:Bcl2↓, 1,   Casp↓, 1,   Casp1↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   cl‑Casp3↓, 1,   Casp9↓, 1,   Fas↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↓, 2,   HGF/c-Met↑, 1,   iNOS↓, 4,   JNK↓, 2,   MAPK↓, 3,   TRPV1↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction ⓘ

HCAR2↑, 1,   TRPV3↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

Ach↑, 1,   cJun↓, 1,   other↑, 1,   other↝, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

CHOP↓, 1,   CHOP↑, 1,   GRP78/BiP↓, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,   GRP94↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 2,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

Choline↑, 1,   p‑ERK↑, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↑, 1,   PI3K↑, 2,   p‑PTEN↑, 1,   TRPM7↓, 1,   Wnt↑, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

5LO↓, 3,   AntiAg↑, 3,   Ca+2↓, 1,   Ca+2↑, 2,   CLDN1↑, 1,   Na+↑, 1,   PKCδ↑, 1,   TRPC1↓, 1,   ZO-1↑, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 1,   NO↓, 2,   TXA2↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 4,   GastroP↑, 1,   Na+↑, 1,   OCLN↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 8,   CRP↓, 2,   HCAR2↑, 1,   IL1β↓, 5,   IL6↓, 5,   Imm↑, 2,   Inflam↓, 20,   Inflam↑, 1,   NF-kB↓, 10,   NF-kB↑, 2,   p65↓, 2,   PGE2↓, 3,   TLR2↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 4,   TNF-α↓, 10,  

Cellular Microenvironment ⓘ

NOX↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

5HT↑, 2,   AChE↓, 6,   BChE↓, 1,   BDNF↑, 5,   NGF↑, 1,   tau↓, 2,  

Protein Aggregation ⓘ

AGEs↓, 1,   Aβ↓, 3,   NLRP3↓, 3,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 4,   BioAv↑, 8,   BioAv↝, 4,   ChemoSen↑, 1,   Dose↝, 3,   eff↓, 1,   eff↑, 4,   Half-Life↓, 2,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 2,   ALP↓, 1,   AST↓, 2,   BP↓, 2,   CRP↓, 2,   GutMicro↑, 2,   IL6↓, 5,   LDH↓, 2,   LDH↑, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 1,   AntiDiabetic↑, 2,   cardioP↑, 9,   chemoPv↑, 1,   cognitive↓, 1,   cognitive↑, 7,   hepatoP↑, 5,   memory↑, 6,   motorD↑, 2,   neuroP↑, 21,   Obesity↓, 2,   Pain↓, 1,   RenoP↑, 2,   toxicity↓, 2,   Weight↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 2,   Diar↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 159

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
38 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
29 Curcumin
23 Thymoquinone
22 Quercetin
19 Resveratrol
16 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
16 Lycopene
15 Shikonin
14 Luteolin
14 brusatol
13 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
12 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
12 Baicalein
11 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
11 Chemotherapy
11 Fisetin
10 doxorubicin
10 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
10 Chrysin
9 Silver-NanoParticles
9 Selenite (Sodium)
9 Artemisinin
9 Selenium
8 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
8 Radiotherapy/Radiation
8 Boron
8 Chlorogenic acid
8 Propolis -bee glue
8 Hydrogen Gas
8 Pterostilbene
8 Rosmarinic acid
7 Carnosic acid
7 Piperlongumine
6 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
6 Berberine
6 Beta-Caryophyllene
6 Honokiol
5 Betulinic acid
5 Boswellia (frankincense)
5 Crocetin
4 Selenium NanoParticles
4 Phenethyl isothiocyanate
4 Urolithin
3 Cisplatin
3 Astaxanthin
3 Berbamine
3 5-fluorouracil
3 xanthohumol
3 Brucea javanica
3 Capsaicin
3 Carvacrol
3 Disulfiram
3 Copper and Cu NanoParticles
3 Magnetic Fields
3 Parthenolide
2 1,8-Cineole
2 Auranofin
2 Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE)
2 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
2 Cinnamon
2 Carvone
2 Cucurbitacin
2 Cysteamine
2 Eugenol
2 Ferulic acid
2 HydroxyTyrosol
2 Metformin
2 Methylsulfonylmethane
2 Nimbolide
2 salinomycin
2 Taurine
1 Andrographis
1 Docetaxel
1 Baicalin
1 Lapatinib
1 Biochanin A
1 Cannabidiol
1 Butyrate
1 Catechins
1 Cynanbungeigenin C (CBC) and D (CBD)
1 Celastrol
1 chitosan
1 Calorie Restriction Mimetics
1 Ursolic acid
1 diet FMD Fasting Mimicking Diet
1 diet Methionine-Restricted Diet
1 D-limonene
1 Dandelion Root
1 Ellagic acid
1 Emodin
1 Shilajit/Fulvic Acid
1 Ginkgo biloba
1 Geraniol
1 Ginseng
1 HydroxyCitric Acid
1 Hydroxycinnamic-acid
1 Juglone
1 Magnolol
1 Melatonin
1 Methyl salicylate / Sweet Birch oil
1 Aspirin
1 Mushroom Lion’s Mane
1 Myricetin
1 Oleuropein
1 Propyl gallate
1 Piperine
1 Plumbagin
1 Sulfasalazine
1 Oxygen, Hyperbaric
1 irinotecan
1 acetazolamide
1 Salvia miltiorrhiza
1 Spermidine
1 erastin
1 triptolide
1 Vitamin B1/Thiamine
1 Vitamin D3
1 Vitamin K2
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:226  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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