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| Tumor cell invasion is a critical process in cancer progression and metastasis, where cancer cells spread from the primary tumor to surrounding tissues and distant organs. This process involves several key steps and mechanisms: 1.Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT): Many tumors originate from epithelial cells, which are typically organized in layers. During EMT, these cells lose their epithelial characteristics (such as cell-cell adhesion) and gain mesenchymal traits (such as increased motility). This transition is crucial for invasion. 2.Degradation of Extracellular Matrix (ECM): Tumor cells secrete enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), that degrade the ECM, allowing cancer cells to invade surrounding tissues. This degradation facilitates the movement of cancer cells through the tissue. 3.Cell Migration: Once the ECM is degraded, cancer cells can migrate. They often use various mechanisms, including amoeboid movement and mesenchymal migration, to move through the tissue. This migration is influenced by various signaling pathways and the tumor microenvironment. 4.Angiogenesis: As tumors grow, they require a blood supply to provide nutrients and oxygen. Tumor cells can stimulate the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) through the release of growth factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This not only supports tumor growth but also provides a route for cancer cells to enter the bloodstream. 5.Invasion into Blood Vessels (Intravasation): Cancer cells can invade nearby blood vessels, allowing them to enter the circulatory system. This step is crucial for metastasis, as it enables cancer cells to travel to distant sites in the body. 6.Survival in Circulation: Once in the bloodstream, cancer cells must survive the immune response and the shear stress of blood flow. They can form clusters with platelets or other cells to evade detection. 7.Extravasation and Colonization: After traveling through the bloodstream, cancer cells can exit the circulation (extravasation) and invade new tissues. They may then establish secondary tumors (metastases) in distant organs. 8.Tumor Microenvironment: The surrounding microenvironment plays a significant role in tumor invasion. Factors such as immune cells, fibroblasts, and signaling molecules can either promote or inhibit invasion and metastasis. |
| 158- | CUR, | Curcumin-targeting pericellular serine protease matriptase role in suppression of prostate cancer cell invasion, tumor growth, and metastasis |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Pca, | LNCaP | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 11- | CUR, | Curcumin inhibits hypoxia-induced epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in pancreatic cancer cells via suppression of the hedgehog signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 |
| 181- | CUR, | The effects of curcumin on the invasiveness of prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Pca, | DU145 |
| 6227- | CUR, | Revisiting Curcumin in Cancer Therapy: Recent Insights into Molecular Mechanisms, Nanoformulations, and Synergistic Combinations |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6214- | CUR, | Curcumin Nanoparticles-related Non-invasive Tumor Therapy, and Cardiotoxicity Relieve |
| 6215- | CUR, | Curcumin: biochemistry, pharmacology, advanced drug delivery systems, and its epigenetic role in combating cancer |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6216- | CUR, | Role of Turmeric and Curcumin in Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases: Lessons Learned from Clinical Trials |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6229- | CUR, | Curcumin inhibits NF-kB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in cervical cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | NA |
| 6223- | CUR, | Curcumin Rewires the Tumor Metabolic Landscape: Mechanisms and Clinical Prospects |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6222- | CUR, | Anticancer Molecular Mechanisms of Curcuminoids: An Updated Review of Clinical Trials |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6238- | CUSP9, | A phase Ib/IIa trial of 9 repurposed drugs combined with temozolomide for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma: CUSP9v3 |
| - | Trial, | GBM, | NA |
| 6245- | Cyc, | Blockade of Hedgehog Signaling Inhibits Pancreatic Cancer Invasion and Metastases: A New Paradigm for Combination Therapy in Solid Cancers |
| - | vitro+vivo, | PC, | NA |
| 6246- | Cyc, | Cyclopamine is a novel Hedgehog signaling inhibitor with significant anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and anti-estrogenic potency in human breast cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 |
| 6248- | Cyc, | The Hedgehog Inhibitor Cyclopamine Reduces β-Catenin-Tcf Transcriptional Activity, Induces E-Cadherin Expression, and Reduces Invasion in Colorectal Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | NA |
| 16- | Cyc, | RES, | Resveratrol inhibits the hedgehog signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses gastric cancer invasion and metastasis |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | SGC-7901 |
| 7451- | CYN, | Inhibitory effects of cynaropicrin on human melanoma progression by targeting MAPK, NF‐κB, and Nrf‐2 signaling pathways in vitro |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | A375 |
| 6255- | Cyste, | Cysteamine Suppresses Cancer Cell Invasion and Migration in Glioblastoma through Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | NA |
| 6593- | DAS, | Dasatinib: a potent SRC inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors |
| 6590- | DAS, | Action of the Src family kinase inhibitor, dasatinib (BMS-354825), on human prostate cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | NA |
| 6683- | DCA, | Dichloroacetate for Cancer Treatment: Some Facts and Many Doubts |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 19- | Deg, | Deguelin inhibits proliferation and migration of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro targeting hedgehog pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | Bxpc-3 | - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 |
| 6664- | DFE, | Anticancer Properties of Different Varieties of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Leaf Extracts in Human Tumor Cells: a Comparative Study |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG |
| 6343- | DRE, | Dandelion root extract affects ESCC progression via regulating multiple signal pathways |
| - | vitro+vivo, | ESCC, | NA |
| 6350- | DRE, | Tracking Evidences of Dandelion for the Treatment of Cancer: From Chemical Composition, Bioactivity, Signaling Pathways in Cancer Cells to Perspective Study |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6326- | DRE, | MT/VAE, | Taraxacum officinale extract shows antitumor effects on pediatric cancer cells and enhance mistletoe therapy |
| - | in-vitro, | neuroblastoma, | SH-SY5Y |
| 6317- | DRE, | The efficacy of dandelion root extract in inducing apoptosis in drug-resistant human melanoma cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | A375 |
| 6360- | DRE, | Dandelion Seed Extract Affects Tumor Progression and Enhances the Sensitivity of Cisplatin in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
| - | in-vitro, | ESCC, | KYSE450 | - | in-vitro, | ESCC, | Eca109 |
| 6363- | DRE, | Therapeutic Potential of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Root Extract in Colon Cancer: A Comprehensive Review |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | NA |
| 4916- | DSF, | Cu, | The immunomodulatory function and antitumor effect of disulfiram: paving the way for novel cancer therapeutics |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 5008- | DSF, | Cu, | Overcoming the compensatory elevation of NRF2 renders hepatocellular carcinoma cells more vulnerable to disulfiram/copper-induced ferroptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | HCC, | NA |
| 1621- | EA, | The multifaceted mechanisms of ellagic acid in the treatment of tumors: State-of-the-art |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1618- | EA, | A comprehensive review on Ellagic acid in breast cancer treatment: From cellular effects to molecular mechanisms of action |
| - | Review, | BC, | NA |
| 7220- | EGb 761, | Ginkgo Biloba Extract Inhibits Metastasis and ERK/Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) Signaling Pathway in Gastric Cancer |
| - | vitro+vivo, | GC, | SGC-7901 |
| 1503- | EGCG, | Epigenetic targets of bioactive dietary components for cancer prevention and therapy |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 4685- | EGCG, | Epigallocathechin gallate, polyphenol present in green tea, inhibits stem-like characteristics and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in nasopharyngeal cancer cell lines |
| - | in-vitro, | NPC, | TW01 | - | in-vitro, | NPC, | TW06 |
| 6784- | EGCG, | Dietary (−)-Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG): State-of-the-Art Advances in Bioactivities, Bioavailability Enhancement Strategies, and Applications in Nutrition and Health |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 22- | EGCG, | Inhibition of sonic hedgehog pathway and pluripotency maintaining factors regulate human pancreatic cancer stem cell characteristics |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | CD133+ | - | in-vitro, | PC, | CD44+ | - | in-vitro, | PC, | CD24+ | - | in-vitro, | PC, | ESA+ |
| 1072- | EGCG, | Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) suppresses epithelial-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) and invasion in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells through blocking of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathways |
| - | in-vitro, | Thyroid, | 8505C |
| 665- | EGCG, | Anticancer effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate nanoemulsion on lung cancer cells through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | NA, | H1299 |
| 651- | EGCG, | Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Therapeutic Potential in Cancer: Mechanism of Action and Clinical Implications |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | NA |
| 1319- | EMD, | Emodin treatment of papillary thyroid cancer cell lines in vitro inhibits proliferation and enhances apoptosis via downregulation of NF‑κB and its upstream TLR4 signaling |
| - | in-vitro, | Thyroid, | TPC-1 | - | in-vitro, | Thyroid, | IHH4 |
| 1247- | EMD, | Emodin exerts antitumor effects in ovarian cancer cell lines by preventing the development of cancer stem cells via epithelial mesenchymal transition |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Ovarian, | SKOV3 | - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | A2780S |
| 6819- | EMD, | Recent advances in the therapeutic potential of emodin for human health |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA |
| 6820- | EMD, | The Health Benefits of Emodin, a Natural Anthraquinone Derived from Rhubarb—A Summary Update |
| - | Review, | Nor, | NA | - | Review, | Arthritis, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 6823- | EMD, | Role of emodin to prevent gastrointestinal cancers: recent trends and future prospective |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6833- | EMD, | Anticancer potential of emodin |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 6793- | EPA, | Contribution of Pyk2 pathway and reactive oxygen species (ROS) to the anti-cancer effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in PC3 prostate cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 6381- | Eug, | Biological Properties and Prospects for the Application of Eugenol—A Review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
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