Ca+2 Cancer Research Results

Ca+2, Calcium Ion Ca+2: Click to Expand ⟱
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In all eukaryotic cells, intracellular Ca2+ levels are maintained at low resting concentrations (approximately 100 nM) by the activity of the major Ca2+ extrusion system, the plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA), which exchanges extracellular protons (H+) for cytosolic Ca2+.
Indeed, sustained elevation of [Ca2+]C in the form of overload, saturating all Ca2+-dependent effectors, prolonged decrease in [Ca2+]ER, causing ER stress response, and high [Ca2+]M, inducing mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), are considered to be pro-death factors.
In cancer the Ca2+-handling toolkit undergoes profound remodelling (figure 1) to favour activation of Ca2+-dependent transcription factors, such as the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), c-Myc, c-Jun, c-Fos that promote hypertrophic growth via induction of the expression of the G1 and G1/S phase transition cyclins (D and E) and associated cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK4 and CDK2).
Thus, cancer cells may evade apoptosis through decreasing calcium influx into the cytoplasm. This can be achieved by either downregulation of the expression of plasma membrane Ca2+-permeable ion channels or by reducing the effectiveness of the signalling pathways that activate these channels. Such protective measures would largely diminish the possibility of Ca2+ overload in response to pro-apoptotic stimuli, thereby impairing the effectiveness of mitochondrial and cytoplasmic apoptotic pathways.
Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels (VGCCs): Overexpression of VGCCs has been associated with increased tumor growth and metastasis in various cancers, including breast and prostate cancer.
Store-Operated Calcium Entry (SOCE): SOCE mechanisms, such as STIM1 and ORAI1, are often upregulated in cancer cells, contributing to enhanced cell survival and proliferation.
High intracellular calcium levels are associated with increased cell proliferation and migration, leading to a poorer prognosis. Calcium signaling can also influence hormone receptor status, affecting treatment responses.
Increased Ca²⁺ signaling is associated with advanced disease and metastasis. Patients with higher CaSR expression may have a worse prognosis due to enhanced tumor growth and resistance to apoptosis. -Ca2+ is an important regulator of the electric charge distribution of bio-membranes.
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
203- MFrot,  MF,    Rotating Magnetic Field Induced Oscillation of Magnetic Particles for in vivo Mechanical Destruction of Malignant Glioma
- vitro+vivo, GBM, U87MG
lysoMP↓, TumVol↓, eff↑, Apoptosis↑, Ca+2↑,
199- MFrot,  MF,    Modulation of Cellular Response to Different Parameters of the Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF)—An In Vitro Wound Healing Study
- in-vivo, Wounds, L929 - NA, NA, HaCaT
*ROS↑, *Ca+2↓, *other↝, *other↝, *other↝, *other↝, *other↝, *other?,
198- MFrot,  MF,    Biological effects of rotating magnetic field: A review from 1969 to 2021
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, breath↑, Pain↓, Appetite↑, Strength↑, BowelM↑, TumMeta↓, TumCCA↑, ETC↓, MMP↓, TumCD↑, selectivity↑, ROS↑, Casp3↑, TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, ChrMod↑, TumMeta↓, Imm↑, DCells↑, Akt↓, OS⇅, toxicity↓, QoL↑, hepatoP↑, Pain↓, Weight↑, Strength↑, Sleep↑, IL6↓, CD4+↑, CD8+↑, Ca+2↑, radioP↑, chemoP↑, *BMD↑, *AntiAge↑, *AMPK↑, *P21↓, *P53↓, *mTOR↓, *OS↑, *β-Endo↑, *5HT↓,
3839- Moringa,    Nutritional Value of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaf Powder Extracts and Their Neuroprotective Effects via Antioxidative and Mitochondrial Regulation
*eff↑, *ROS↓, *lipid-P↓, *GSH↑, *antiOx↑, *Ca+2↓, *MMP↑, *neuroP↑, *BBB↑, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, GPx↑,
3812- mushLions,    Structural characterization of polysaccharide purified from Hericium erinaceus fermented mycelium and its pharmacological basis for application in Alzheimer's disease: Oxidative stress related calcium homeostasis
- in-vitro, AD, NA
*cognitive↑, *Aβ↓, *p‑tau↓, *ROS↓, *NRF2↓, *Ca+2↝,
4975- Nimb,    Nimbolide Induces Cell Apoptosis via Mediating ER Stress-Regulated Apoptotic Signaling in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- in-vitro, Oral, NA
Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, ER Stress↑, Casp↑, MMP↓, tumCV↓,
2065- PB,  TMZ,    Inhibition of Mitochondria- and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Autophagy Augments Temozolomide-Induced Apoptosis in Glioma Cells
- in-vitro, GBM, NA
eff↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, ER Stress↑, CHOP↑, GRP78/BiP↑, pro‑Casp12↓, eff↝, Ca+2↝,
3252- PBG,    Propolis Extract and Its Bioactive Compounds—From Traditional to Modern Extraction Technologies
- Review, NA, NA
*Inflam↓, *TNF-α↓, *NF-kB↓, *MAPK↓, *ERK↓, *antiOx↑, *NRF2↑, *cardioP↑, *Glycolysis↑, *Ca+2↓, *HO-1↑, *NRF2↑, *neuroP↑,
2430- PBG,    The cytotoxic effects of propolis on breast cancer cells involve PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species generation
- in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
TumCP↓, TP53↓, Casp3↓, BAX↓, P21↓, ROS↑, eff↓, MMP↓, LDH↑, ATP↓, Ca+2↑,
1664- PBG,    Anticancer Activity of Propolis and Its Compounds
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, TumCCA↑, TumCP↓, angioG↓, P21↑, p27↑, CDK1↓, p‑CDK1↓, cycA1/CCNA1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, P70S6K↓, CLDN2↓, HK2↓, PFK↓, PKM2↓, LDHA↓, TLR4↓, H3↓, α-tubulin↓, ROS↑, Akt↓, GSK‐3β↓, FOXO3↓, NF-kB↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, MMP↓, ROS↑, i-Ca+2↑, lipid-P↑, ER Stress↑, UPR↑, PERK↑, eIF2α↑, GRP78/BiP↑, BAX↑, PUMA↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑Casp8↑, cl‑Casp8↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, eff↑, eff↑, RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑, eff↑,
4947- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells through G0/G1   Phase Arrest and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death
- in-vitro, Oral, HSC3
AntiCan↑, chemoPv↑, TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, P53↑, P21↑, BAX↑, BID↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, AIF↑, ROS↑, Ca+2↑,
4940- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells through G 0/G 1 Phase Arrest and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death
- in-vitro, Oral, HSC3
TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, BAX↑, BID↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, AIF↑, tumCV↓, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, CDC25↓, CDK6↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK2↓, cycE/CCNE↓, P53↑, p27↑, P21↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, GRP78/BiP↑,
4942- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells through G(0)/G(1) Phase Arrest and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death
- in-vitro, Oral, HSC3
chemoPv↑, TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, BAX↑, BID↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, AIF↑, ROS↑, Ca+2↑,
1939- PL,    Piperlongumine selectively kills hepatocellular carcinoma cells and preferentially inhibits their invasion via ROS-ER-MAPKs-CHOP
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2 - in-vitro, HCC, HUH7 - in-vivo, NA, NA
TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, ER Stress↑, selectivity↑, tumCV↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, eff↓, Ca+2↑, MAPK↑, CHOP↑, Dose↝,
2006- PLB,    Plumbagin induces apoptosis in human osteosarcoma through ROS generation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway
- in-vitro, OS, MG63 - in-vitro, Nor, hFOB1.19
tumCV↓, selectivity↑, mtDam↑, Ca+2↓, ER Stress↑, ROS↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Apoptosis↑, eff↓,
1996- PTL,    Critical roles of intracellular thiols and calcium in parthenolide-induced apoptosis in human colorectal cancer cells
- in-vitro, CRC, COLO205
Apoptosis↑, GSH↓, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, GRP78/BiP↑, ER Stress↑, eff↓, eff↑, Thiols↓,
4693- PTS,    Pterostilbene in the treatment of inflammatory and oncological diseases
BioAv↑, *Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, AntiTum↑, BBB↑, Half-Life↝, *ROS↓, *NRF2↑, *NQO1↑, *HO-1↑, PTEN↑, miR-19b↓, TumCCA↑, ER Stress↑, PERK↑, ATF4↑, CHOP↑, Ca+2↝, EMT↓, NF-kB↓, Twist↓, Vim↓, E-cadherin↑, ChemoSen↑, toxicity∅, toxicity↝,
3353- QC,    Quercetin triggers cell apoptosis-associated ROS-mediated cell death and induces S and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in KON oral cancer cells
- in-vitro, Oral, KON - in-vitro, Nor, MRC-5
tumCV↓, selectivity↑, TumCCA↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, Apoptosis↑, TumMeta↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, TIMP1↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, *Inflam↓, *neuroP↑, *cardioP↑, p38↓, MAPK↓, Twist↓, P21↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, p‑Akt↓, p‑ERK↓, CD44↓, CD24↓, ChemoSen↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, AIF↑, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓,
3342- QC,    Quercetin modulates OTA-induced oxidative stress and redox signalling in HepG2 cells — up regulation of Nrf2 expression and down regulation of NF-κB and COX-2
- in-vitro, Nor, HepG2
*ROS↓, *Ca+2↓, *NF-kB↓, *NRF2↑, *COX2↓, *Inflam↓,
3341- QC,    Antioxidant Activities of Quercetin and Its Complexes for Medicinal Application
- Review, Var, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*antiOx↑, *BioAv↑, *GSH↑, *AChE↓, *BChE↓, *H2O2↓, *lipid-P↓, *SOD↑, *SOD2↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *neuroP↑, *HO-1↑, *cardioP↑, *MDA↓, *NF-kB↓, *IKKα↓, *ROS↓, *PI3K↑, *Akt↑, *hepatoP↑, P53↑, BAX↑, IGF-1R↓, Akt↓, AR↓, TumCP↓, GSH↑, SOD↑, Catalase↑, lipid-P↓, *TNF-α↓, *Ca+2↓,
3374- QC,    Therapeutic effects of quercetin in oral cancer therapy: a systematic review of preclinical evidence focused on oxidative damage, apoptosis and anti-metastasis
- Review, Oral, NA - Review, AD, NA
α-SMA↓, α-SMA↑, TumCP↓, tumCV↓, TumVol↓, TumCI↓, TumMeta↓, TumCMig↓, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, BioAv↓, *neuroP↑, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *Aβ↓, *cardioP↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, EMT↓, MMPs↓, Twist↓, Slug↓, Ca+2↑, AIF↑, Endon↑, P-gp↓, LDH↑, HK2↓, PKA↓, Glycolysis↓, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, GRP78/BiP↑, Casp12↑, CHOP↑,
3372- QC,  FIS,  KaempF,    Anticancer Potential of Selected Flavonols: Fisetin, Kaempferol, and Quercetin on Head and Neck Cancers
- Review, HNSCC, NA
ROCK1↑, TumCCA↓, HSPs↓, RAS↓, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Endon↑, MMP9↓, MMP2↓, MMP7↓, MMP-10↓, VEGF↓, NF-kB↓, p65↓, iNOS↓, COX2↓, uPA↓, PI3K↓, FAK↓, MEK↓, ERK↓, JNK↓, p38↓, cJun↓, FOXO3↑,
91- QC,    The roles of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway in quercetin-mediated cell death of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3
CDK2↓, cycE/CCNE↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, ATFs↑, GRP78/BiP↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, ER Stress↑, CHOP↑, TumCCA↑, DNAdam↑, AIF↑, Ca+2↑, MMP↓,
923- QC,    Quercetin as an innovative therapeutic tool for cancer chemoprevention: Molecular mechanisms and implications in human health
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓, Ca+2↝, MMP↓, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, other↓, *ROS↓, *NRF2↑, HO-1↑, TumCCA↑, Inflam↓, STAT3↓, DR5↑, P450↓, MMPs↓, IFN-γ↓, IL6↓, COX2↓, IL8↓, iNOS↓, TNF-α↓, cl‑PARP↑, Apoptosis↑, P53↑, Sp1/3/4↓, survivin↓, TRAILR↑, Casp10↑, DFF45↑, TNFR 1↑, Fas↑, NF-kB↓, IKKα↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, E-cadherin↓, Vim↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, cMyc↓, EMT↓, MMP2↓, NOTCH1↓, MMP7↓, angioG↓, TSP-1↑, CSCs↓, XIAP↓, Snail↓, Slug↓, LEF1↓, P-gp↓, EGFR↓, GSK‐3β↓, mTOR↓, RAGE↓, HSP27↓, VEGF↓, TGF-β↓, COL1↓, COL3A1↓,
914- QC,    Quercetin and Cancer Chemoprevention
- Review, NA, NA
GSH↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Ca+2↑, MMP↓, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, AMPKα↑, ASK1↑, p38↑, TRAIL↑, DR5↑, cFLIP↓, Apoptosis↑,
1490- RES,    Anticancer Potential of Resveratrol, β-Lapachone and Their Analogues
- Review, Var, NA
TumCCA↑, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, MMP↓, ATP↓, TOP1?, P53↑, p53 Wildtype∅, Akt↓, mTOR↓, EMT↓, *BioAv↓,
2467- RES,    Resveratrol inhibits Ca2+ signals and aggregation of platelets
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*AntiAg↑, Ca+2↓,
3065- RES,    Resveratrol-induced cytotoxicity in human Burkitt's lymphoma cells is coupled to the unfolded protein response
- in-vitro, lymphoma, NA
UPR↑, IRE1↑, p‑eIF2α↑, PERK↑, ATF6↑, GRP78/BiP↑, GRP94↑, CHOP↑, GADD34↑, ATF4↑, XBP-1↑, Ca+2↑, ER Stress↑,
885- RES,    Resveratrol induces intracellular Ca2 + rise via T-type Ca2 + channels in a mesothelioma cell line
- in-vitro, RCC, REN - in-vitro, Nor, MeT5A
TumCG↓, Ca+2↑, *toxicity↓,
993- RES,    Resveratrol reverses the Warburg effect by targeting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in colon cancer cells
- in-vitro, CRC, Caco-2 - in-vivo, Nor, HCEC 1CT
TumCG↓, Glycolysis↓, PPP↓, ATP↑, PDH↑, Ca+2↝, TumCP↓, lactateProd↓, OCR↑, ECAR↓, *ECAR∅, *other?, cycE/CCNE↑, cycA1/CCNA1↑, TumCCA↑, cycD1/CCND1↑, OXPHOS↑,
6809- RF,    Treatment of glioblastoma with tumor-specific amplitude-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
- in-vitro, GBM, U251
TumCP↓, Dose↝, eff↑, other↝, Dose↝, Dose↝, other↝, VGCC↑, Ca+2↑,
6807- RF,    Tumour-specific amplitude-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields induce differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma via targeting Cav3.2 T-type voltage-gated calcium channels and Ca2+ influx
- NA, HCC, NA
TumVol↓, Ca+2↑, TumCG↓, Dose↝,
4357- RF,    Targeted treatment of cancer with radiofrequency electromagnetic fields amplitude-modulated at tumor-specific frequencies
- Review, Var, NA
other↝, Dose↝, AntiTum↑, Ca+2↝, eff↝,
3616- RosA,    Therapeutic effects of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and its active constituents on nervous system disorders
- Review, AD, NA
*Inflam↓, *memory↑, *toxicity↓, *ROS↓, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *NRF2↑, *Aβ↓, *AChE↓, *Ca+2↓, *NO↓, *IL2↓, *COX2↓, *PGE2↓, *MMPs↓, *TNF-α↓, *iNOS↓, *TLR4↓, *cognitive↑, *cortisol↓, *lipid-P↓,
4900- Sal,    Anticancer Mechanisms of Salinomycin in Breast Cancer and Its Clinical Applications
- Review, BC, NA
CSCs↓, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, necrosis↑, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, TumCG↓, TumMeta↓, eff↑, Bcl-2↓, cMyc↓, Snail↓, ALDH↓, Myc↓, AR↓, ROS↑, NF-kB↓, PTCH1↓, Smo↓, Gli1↓, GLI2↓, Wnt↓, mTOR↓, GSK‐3β↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, survivin↓, P21↑, p27↑, CHOP↑, Ca+2↑, DNAdam↑, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, angioG↓, MMP↓, ATP↓, p‑P53↑, γH2AX↑, ChemoSen↑,
4996- Sal,    The Molecular Basis for Inhibition of Stemlike Cancer Cells by Salinomycin
CSCs↓, selectivity↑, Wnt↓, ERStress↑, Ca+2↓, UPR↑, CHOP↑, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, CD44↓, CD24↓, PKCδ↑,
5126- Sal,    Salinomycin induces calpain and cytochrome c-mediated neuronal cell death
CSCs↓, Ca+2↑, cal2↑, Casp12↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, Cyt‑c↑, MMP↓,
5125- Sal,    Salinomycin induced ROS results in abortive autophagy and leads to regulated necrosis in glioblastoma
- in-vitro, GBM, NA
ER Stress↑, UPR↑, autoF↓, lysosome↝, ROS↑, lipid-P↑, CSCs↓, necrosis↑, ATP↓, MMP↓, MOMP↑, DNAdam↑, AIF↑, lysoMP↑, MitoP↑, Ca+2↑,
2549- SDT,    Landscape of Cellular Bioeffects Triggered by Ultrasound-Induced Sonoporation
- Review, Var, NA
sonoP↑, tumCV↓, MMP↓, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, eff↝, eff↑, selectivity↑, Half-Life↝, Dose↝, P-gp↓, ER Stress↑, other↑,
2550- SDT,    Intracellular Delivery and Calcium Transients Generated in Sonoporation Facilitated by Microbubbles
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*Ca+2↑, sonoP↑, BioEnh↑,
4501- SeNPs,    Mechanisms of the Cytotoxic Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles in Different Human Cancer Cell Lines
- in-vitro, GBM, A172 - in-vitro, Colon, Caco-2 - in-vitro, Pca, DU145 - in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vitro, Nor, L929
*BioAv↑, selectivity↑, AntiCan↑, Apoptosis↑, CHOP↑, GADD34↑, BIM↑, PUMA↑, Ca+2↝,
3658- SFN,    Pre-Clinical Neuroprotective Evidences and Plausible Mechanisms of Sulforaphane in Alzheimer’s Disease
- Review, AD, NA
*NRF2↑, *antiOx↑, *neuroP↑, *Aβ↓, *BACE↓, *NQO1↑, *IL1β↓, *TNF-α↓, *IL6↓, *COX2↓, *iNOS↓, *NF-kB↓, *NLRP3↓, *Ca+2↓, *GSH↑, *MDA↓, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *HO-1↑, *TrxR↑, *cognitive↑, *tau↓, *HSP70/HSPA5↑,
1735- SFN,    Activation of multiple molecular mechanisms for apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma T98G and U87MG cells treated with sulforaphane
- in-vitro, GBM, T98G - in-vitro, GBM, U87MG
Apoptosis↑, Ca+2↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, cal2↑, Casp12↑, Casp9↑, Cyt‑c↑,
3282- SIL,    Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions
- Review, NA, NA
hepatoP↑, AntiCan↑, TumCMig↓, Hif1a↓, selectivity↑, toxicity∅, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, TumCCA↑, P21↑, CDK4↓, NF-kB↓, ERK↓, PSA↓, TumCG↓, p27↑, COX2↓, IL1↓, VEGF↓, IGFBP3↑, AR↓, STAT3↓, Telomerase↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, eff↝, HDAC↓, HATs↑, Zeb1↓, E-cadherin↑, miR-203↑, NHE1↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, PGE2↓, Vim↓, Wnt↓, angioG↓, VEGF↓, *TIMP1↓, EMT↓, TGF-β↓, CD44↓, EGFR↓, PDGF↓, *IL8↓, SREBP1↓, MMP↓, ATP↓, uPA↓, PD-L1↓, NOTCH↓, *SIRT1↑, SIRT1↓, CA↓, Ca+2↑, chemoP↑, cardioP↑, Dose↝, Half-Life↝, BioAv↓, BioAv↓, BioAv↓, toxicity↝, Half-Life↓, ROS↓, FAK↓,
2007- SK,    Shikonin Directly Targets Mitochondria and Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, lymphoma, U937 - in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vitro, BC, SkBr3 - in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, OS, U2OS - NA, Nor, RPE-1
tumCV↓, selectivity↑, Dose↝, other↑, MMP↓, ROS↑, DNAdam↑, Ca+2↑, Casp9↑, Cyt‑c↑, *toxicity↓,
2231- SK,    Shikonin Exerts Cytotoxic Effects in Human Colon Cancers by Inducing Apoptotic Cell Death via the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria-Mediated Pathways
- in-vitro, CRC, SNU-407
Apoptosis↑, ER Stress↑, PERK↑, eIF2α↑, CHOP↑, mt-Ca+2↑, MMP↓, Bcl-2↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, ERK↑, JNK↑, p38↓,
2197- SK,    Shikonin derivatives for cancer prevention and therapy
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, Ca+2↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP9↓, NF-kB↓, PKM2↓, Hif1a↓, NRF2↓, P53↑, DNMT1↓, MDR1↓, COX2↓, VEGF↓, EMT↓, MMP7↓, MMP13↓, uPA↓, RIP1↑, RIP3↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑, P21↓, DFF45↓, TRAIL↑, PTEN↑, mTOR↓, AR↓, FAK↓, Src↓, Myc↓, RadioS↑,
2188- SK,    Molecular mechanism of shikonin inhibiting tumor growth and potential application in cancer treatment
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, EGFR↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, angioG↓, Apoptosis↑, Necroptosis↑, GSH↓, Ca+2↓, MMP↓, ERK↓, p38↑, proCasp3↑, eff↓, VEGF↓, FOXO3↑, EGR1↑, SIRT1↑, RIP1↑, RIP3↑, BioAv↓, NF-kB↓, Half-Life↓,
3045- SK,    Cutting off the fuel supply to calcium pumps in pancreatic cancer cells: role of pyruvate kinase-M2 (PKM2)
- in-vitro, PC, MIA PaCa-2
ECAR↓, Glycolysis↓, ATP↓, PKM2↓, TumCMig↓, Ca+2↑, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↓, MMP↓, ROS↑,
3958- Taur,    Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of taurine in Alzheimer’s disease using functional molecular imaging
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*neuroP↑, *Aβ∅, *cognitive↑, *toxicity↓, *Ca+2↓, *memory↑,

Showing Research Papers: 201 to 250 of 261
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* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 261

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↓, 5,   GSH↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   lipid-P↓, 1,   lipid-P↑, 2,   NRF2↓, 1,   OXPHOS↑, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 26,   SOD↑, 1,   Thiols↓, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

AIF↑, 7,   ATP↓, 6,   ATP↑, 1,   CDC25↓, 1,   ETC↓, 1,   MEK↓, 1,   MMP↓, 25,   mtDam↑, 1,   OCR↑, 1,   XIAP↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

cMyc↓, 2,   ECAR↓, 2,   GlucoseCon↓, 2,   Glycolysis↓, 3,   HK2↓, 2,   lactateProd↓, 3,   LDH↑, 2,   LDHA↓, 1,   PDH↑, 1,   PFK↓, 1,   PKM2↓, 3,   PPP↓, 1,   SIRT1↓, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,   SREBP1↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↓, 6,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 17,   ASK1↑, 1,   BAX↓, 1,   BAX↑, 9,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 9,   BID↑, 3,   BIM↑, 1,   Casp↑, 2,   Casp10↑, 1,   Casp12↑, 3,   pro‑Casp12↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp3↑, 10,   cl‑Casp3↑, 1,   proCasp3↑, 1,   Casp7↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 3,   cl‑Casp8↑, 2,   Casp9↑, 11,   cFLIP↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 11,   DR5↑, 2,   Endon↑, 2,   Fas↑, 1,   GADD34↑, 2,   iNOS↓, 2,   JNK↓, 1,   JNK↑, 1,   lysoMP↓, 1,   lysoMP↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   MOMP↑, 1,   Myc↓, 2,   Necroptosis↑, 1,   necrosis↑, 2,   p27↑, 4,   p38↓, 3,   p38↑, 2,   PUMA↑, 2,   RIP1↑, 2,   survivin↓, 2,   Telomerase↓, 1,   TNFR 1↑, 1,   TRAIL↑, 2,   TRAILR↑, 1,   TumCD↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

AMPKα↑, 1,   Sp1/3/4↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

BowelM↑, 1,   ChrMod↑, 1,   cJun↓, 1,   H3↓, 1,   HATs↑, 1,   other↓, 1,   other↑, 2,   other↝, 3,   tumCV↓, 8,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

ATF6↑, 1,   ATFs↑, 1,   CHOP↑, 10,   eIF2α↑, 2,   p‑eIF2α↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 12,   ERStress↑, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 7,   GRP94↑, 1,   HSP27↓, 1,   HSPs↓, 1,   IRE1↑, 1,   PERK↑, 4,   UPR↑, 4,   XBP-1↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

autoF↓, 1,   lysosome↝, 1,   MitoP↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DFF45↓, 1,   DFF45↑, 1,   DNAdam↑, 4,   DNMT1↓, 1,   P53↑, 6,   p‑P53↑, 1,   p53 Wildtype∅, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 2,   TP53↓, 1,   γH2AX↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   p‑CDK1↓, 1,   CDK2↓, 2,   CDK4↓, 1,   cycA1/CCNA1↓, 1,   cycA1/CCNA1↑, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 6,   cycD1/CCND1↑, 1,   cycE/CCNE↓, 2,   cycE/CCNE↑, 1,   P21↓, 3,   P21↑, 5,   TumCCA↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 14,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

ALDH↓, 1,   CD24↓, 2,   CD44↓, 3,   CSCs↓, 5,   EMT↓, 6,   ERK↓, 3,   ERK↑, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   FOXO3↓, 1,   FOXO3↑, 2,   Gli1↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 3,   HDAC↓, 1,   IGF-1R↓, 1,   IGFBP3↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 4,   NOTCH↓, 1,   NOTCH1↓, 1,   P70S6K↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 3,   PTCH1↓, 1,   PTEN↑, 2,   RAS↓, 1,   Smo↓, 1,   Src↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 2,   TOP1?, 1,   TumCG↓, 8,   VGCC↑, 1,   Wnt↓, 3,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

CA↓, 1,   Ca+2↓, 4,   Ca+2↑, 28,   Ca+2↝, 6,   i-Ca+2↑, 1,   mt-Ca+2↑, 1,   cal2↑, 2,   CLDN2↓, 1,   COL1↓, 1,   COL3A1↓, 1,   E-cadherin↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 2,   FAK↓, 3,   GLI2↓, 1,   LEF1↓, 1,   miR-19b↓, 1,   miR-203↑, 1,   MMP-10↓, 1,   MMP13↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 5,   MMP7↓, 3,   MMP9↓, 5,   MMPs↓, 2,   PDGF↓, 1,   PKA↓, 1,   PKCδ↑, 1,   RAGE↓, 1,   RIP3↑, 2,   ROCK1↑, 1,   Slug↓, 2,   Snail↓, 2,   TGF-β↓, 2,   TIMP1↑, 1,   TSP-1↑, 1,   TumCI↓, 4,   TumCMig↓, 7,   TumCP↓, 7,   TumMeta↓, 5,   Twist↓, 3,   uPA↓, 3,   Vim↓, 3,   Zeb1↓, 1,   α-SMA↓, 1,   α-SMA↑, 1,   α-tubulin↓, 1,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 3,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 5,   ATF4↑, 2,   EGFR↓, 3,   EGR1↑, 1,   Hif1a↓, 4,   VEGF↓, 8,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,   NHE1↓, 1,   P-gp↓, 3,   sonoP↑, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

CD4+↑, 1,   COX2↓, 4,   DCells↑, 1,   IFN-γ↓, 1,   IKKα↓, 1,   IL1↓, 1,   IL6↓, 2,   IL8↓, 1,   Imm↑, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 8,   p65↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

AR↓, 4,   CDK6↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 5,   BioAv↑, 1,   BioEnh↑, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 4,   Dose↝, 9,   eff↓, 5,   eff↑, 9,   eff↝, 4,   Half-Life↓, 2,   Half-Life↝, 3,   MDR1↓, 1,   P450↓, 1,   RadioS↑, 2,   selectivity↑, 9,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

AR↓, 4,   EGFR↓, 3,   IL6↓, 2,   LDH↑, 2,   Myc↓, 2,   PD-L1↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,   RAGE↓, 1,   TP53↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 4,   AntiTum↑, 2,   Appetite↑, 1,   breath↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 2,   chemoPv↑, 2,   hepatoP↑, 2,   OS⇅, 1,   Pain↓, 2,   QoL↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   Sleep↑, 1,   Strength↑, 2,   toxicity↓, 1,   toxicity↝, 2,   toxicity∅, 2,   TumVol↓, 3,   Weight↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

CD8+↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 291

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 7,   Catalase↑, 3,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 3,   H2O2↓, 1,   HO-1↑, 4,   lipid-P↓, 3,   MDA↓, 2,   NQO1↑, 2,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 7,   ROS↓, 8,   ROS↑, 1,   SOD↑, 4,   SOD2↑, 1,   TrxR↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

MMP↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

AMPK↑, 1,   ECAR∅, 1,   Glycolysis↑, 1,   SIRT1↑, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Akt↑, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   MAPK↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

other?, 2,   other↝, 5,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

HSP70/HSPA5↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

P53↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

P21↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

ERK↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   PI3K↑, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,   Ca+2↓, 8,   Ca+2↑, 1,   Ca+2↝, 1,   MMPs↓, 1,   TIMP1↓, 1,   β-Endo↑, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

NO↓, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX2↓, 3,   IKKα↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL2↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   IL8↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 7,   NF-kB↓, 4,   PGE2↓, 1,   TLR4↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 4,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

5HT↓, 1,   AChE↓, 2,   BChE↓, 1,   tau↓, 1,   p‑tau↓, 1,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Aβ↓, 4,   Aβ∅, 1,   BACE↓, 1,   NLRP3↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

cortisol↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 2,   eff↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

BMD↑, 1,   IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiAge↑, 1,   cardioP↑, 4,   cognitive↑, 4,   hepatoP↑, 1,   memory↑, 2,   neuroP↑, 7,   OS↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 4,  
Total Targets: 75

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Ca+2, Calcium Ion Ca+2
45 Magnetic Fields
17 Capsaicin
10 Electrical Pulses
9 Baicalein
9 Boron
8 Citric Acid
8 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
8 Quercetin
8 Taurine
7 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
7 Magnetic Field Rotating
6 Berberine
6 Chrysin
6 Fisetin
6 Honokiol
5 Silver-NanoParticles
5 Resveratrol
5 Shikonin
4 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
4 Propolis -bee glue
4 salinomycin
3 Betulinic acid
3 Curcumin
3 Eugenol
3 Magnolol
3 Phenethyl isothiocyanate
2 Artemisinin
2 Chemotherapy
2 Boswellia (frankincense)
2 Caffeic acid
2 Carvacrol
2 Cannabidiol
2 Chlorogenic acid
2 immunotherapy
2 Dichloroacetate
2 Emodin
2 Ferulic acid
2 Hydrogen Gas
2 Juglone
2 Luteolin
2 Lycopene
2 Melatonin
2 doxorubicin
2 EMF
2 SonoDynamic Therapy UltraSound
2 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
1 5-Aminolevulinic acid
1 Photodynamic Therapy
1 Anthocyanins
1 Resiquimod
1 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
1 Aloe anthraquinones
1 Baicalin
1 Berbamine
1 Bacopa monnieri
1 Celecoxib
1 Chocolate
1 Choline
1 Cinnamon
1 Crocetin
1 Copper and Cu NanoParticles
1 Diclofenac
1 Dimethyl Sulfoxide
1 Ellagic acid
1 Evodiamine
1 Folic Acid, Vit B9
1 γ-linolenic acid (Borage Oil)
1 Hyperthermia
1 magnetic nanoparticles
1 Iron
1 Radiotherapy/Radiation
1 Caffeine
1 Moringa oleifera
1 Mushroom Lion’s Mane
1 Nimbolide
1 Phenylbutyrate
1 temozolomide
1 Piperlongumine
1 Plumbagin
1 Parthenolide
1 Pterostilbene
1 Kaempferol
1 Radio Frequency
1 Rosmarinic acid
1 Selenium NanoParticles
1 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
1 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
1 Urolithin
1 Whole Body Vibration
1 Wogonin
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:38  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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