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| Cytochrome c ** The term "release of cytochrome c" ** an increase in level for the cytosol. Small hemeprotein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion where it plays a critical role in cellular respiration. Cytochrome c is highly water-soluble, unlike other cytochromes. It is capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction as its iron atom converts between the ferrous and ferric forms, but does not bind oxygen. It also plays a major role in cell apoptosis. The term "release of cytochrome c" refers to a critical step in the process of programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. In its new location—the cytosol—cytochrome c participates in the apoptotic signaling pathway by helping to form the apoptosome, which activates caspases that execute cell death. Cytochrome c is a small protein normally located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Its primary role in healthy cells is to participate in the electron transport chain, a process that helps produce energy (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeability leads to the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. The release of cytochrome c is a pivotal event in apoptosis where cytochrome c moves from the mitochondria to the cytosol, initiating a chain reaction that leads to programmed cell death. On the one hand, cytochrome c can promote cancer cell survival and proliferation by regulating the activity of various signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT pathway. This can lead to increased cell growth and resistance to apoptosis, which are hallmarks of cancer. On the other hand, cytochrome c can also induce apoptosis in cancer cells by interacting with other proteins, such as Apaf-1 and caspase-9. This can lead to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which can result in the death of cancer cells. Overexpressed in Breast, Lung, Colon, and Prostrate. Underexpressed in Ovarian, and Pancreatic. |
| 3343- | QC, | Quercetin, a Flavonoid with Great Pharmacological Capacity |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Arthritis, | NA |
| 3368- | QC, | The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3374- | QC, | Therapeutic effects of quercetin in oral cancer therapy: a systematic review of preclinical evidence focused on oxidative damage, apoptosis and anti-metastasis |
| - | Review, | Oral, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 3369- | QC, | Pharmacological basis and new insights of quercetin action in respect to its anti-cancer effects |
| - | Review, | Pca, | NA |
| 3372- | QC, | FIS, | KaempF, | Anticancer Potential of Selected Flavonols: Fisetin, Kaempferol, and Quercetin on Head and Neck Cancers |
| - | Review, | HNSCC, | NA |
| 2329- | RES, | Resveratrol induces apoptosis in human melanoma cell through negatively regulating Erk/PKM2/Bcl-2 axis |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | A375 |
| 2566- | RES, | A comprehensive review on the neuroprotective potential of resveratrol in ischemic stroke |
| - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
| 3078- | RES, | The Effects of Resveratrol on Prostate Cancer through Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment |
| - | Review, | Pca, | NA |
| 3067- | RES, | Proteomic Profiling Reveals That Resveratrol Inhibits HSP27 Expression and Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin Therapy |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 |
| 3061- | RES, | The Anticancer Effects of Resveratrol: Modulation of Transcription Factors |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| - | in-vivo, | IBD, | NA |
| 3010- | RosA, | Exploring the mechanism of rosmarinic acid in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma based on bioinformatics methods and experimental validation |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 3002- | RosA, | Anticancer Effects of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Extract and Rosemary Extract Polyphenols |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 5126- | Sal, | Salinomycin induces calpain and cytochrome c-mediated neuronal cell death |
| 4486- | Se, | Chit, | Selenium-Modified Chitosan Induces HepG2 Cell Apoptosis and Differential Protein Analysis |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 4469- | SeNPs, | Selenium Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: Unveiling Cytotoxic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3192- | SFN, | Transcriptome analysis reveals a dynamic and differential transcriptional response to sulforaphane in normal and prostate cancer cells and suggests a role for Sp1 in chemoprevention |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 2448- | SFN, | Sulforaphane and bladder cancer: a potential novel antitumor compound |
| - | Review, | Bladder, | NA |
| 1730- | SFN, | Sulforaphane: An emergent anti-cancer stem cell agent |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1735- | SFN, | Activation of multiple molecular mechanisms for apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma T98G and U87MG cells treated with sulforaphane |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | T98G | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG |
| 1726- | SFN, | Sulforaphane: A Broccoli Bioactive Phytocompound with Cancer Preventive Potential |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1723- | SFN, | Sulforaphane as a potential remedy against cancer: Comprehensive mechanistic review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1722- | SFN, | Sulforaphane as an anticancer molecule: mechanisms of action, synergistic effects, enhancement of drug safety, and delivery systems |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1471- | SFN, | ROS-mediated activation of AMPK plays a critical role in sulforaphane-induced apoptosis and mitotic arrest in AGS human gastric cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | AGS |
| 1468- | SFN, | Cellular responses to dietary cancer chemopreventive agent D,L-sulforaphane in human prostate cancer cells are initiated by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 1458- | SFN, | Sulforaphane Impact on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Bladder Carcinoma |
| - | Review, | Bladder, | NA |
| - | in-vitro, | Bladder, | T24/HTB-9 |
| 1481- | SFN, | docx, | Combination of Low-Dose Sulforaphane and Docetaxel on Mitochondrial Function and Metabolic Reprogramming in Prostate Cancer Cell Lines |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 1480- | SFN, | Sulforaphane Induces Cell Death Through G2/M Phase Arrest and Triggers Apoptosis in HCT 116 Human Colon Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 |
| 3313- | SIL, | Silymarin attenuates post-weaning bisphenol A-induced renal injury by suppressing ferroptosis and amyloidosis through Kim-1/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling modulation in male Wistar rats |
| - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 3648- | SIL, | Silymarin/Silybin and Chronic Liver Disease: A Marriage of Many Years |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 3646- | SIL, | "Silymarin", a promising pharmacological agent for treatment of diseases |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 3290- | SIL, | A review of therapeutic potentials of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and its main constituent, silymarin, on cancer, and their related patents |
| - | Analysis, | Var, | NA |
| 3288- | SIL, | Silymarin in cancer therapy: Mechanisms of action, protective roles in chemotherapy-induced toxicity, and nanoformulations |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3282- | SIL, | Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 2227- | SK, | Shikonin induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and enhances chemotherapeutic sensitivity of gastric cancer through reactive oxygen species |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | BGC-823 | - | in-vitro, | GC, | SGC-7901 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | GES-1 |
| 3040- | SK, | Pharmacological Properties of Shikonin – A Review of Literature since 2002 |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | IBD, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
| 1346- | SK, | An Oxidative Stress Mechanism of Shikonin in Human Glioma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | Hs683 |
| 2007- | SK, | Shikonin Directly Targets Mitochondria and Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | lymphoma, | U937 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | SkBr3 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS | - | NA, | Nor, | RPE-1 |
| 4891- | Sper, | Spermidine as a promising anticancer agent: Recent advances and newer insights on its molecular mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 4894- | Sper, | Application of Spermidine in Cancer Research Models: Notes and Protocols |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4897- | Sper, | Spermidine as a promising anticancer agent: Recent advances and newer insights on its molecular mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1002- | SSE, | Osi, | Adag, | Selenite as a dual apoptotic and ferroptotic agent synergizes with EGFR and KRAS inhibitors with epigenetic interference |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | H1975 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | H385 |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Lung, | NA |
| 5079- | SSE, | Rad, | The solvent and treatment regimen of sodium selenite cause its effects to vary on the radiation response of human bronchial cells from tumour and normal tissues |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | BEAS-2B |
| 5105- | SSE, | Sodium selenite induces apoptosis by generation of superoxide via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway in human prostate cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP |
| 3950- | Taur, | Taurine Supplementation as a Neuroprotective Strategy upon Brain Dysfunction in Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes |
| - | Review, | Diabetic, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 5327- | TFdiG, | Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate induces apoptosis and G2 cell cycle arrest through the Akt/MDM2/p53 pathway in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer A2780/CP70 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | A2780S |
| 5332- | TFdiG, | Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate triggers apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells via the caspase pathway |
| - | vitro+vivo, | OS, | 143B | - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS |
| 5221- | TQ, | Thymoquinone induces apoptosis through activation of caspase-8 and mitochondrial events in p53-null myeloblastic leukemia HL-60 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | AML, | HL-60 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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