P21 Cancer Research Results

P21, P21/CDKN1A: Click to Expand ⟱

Source:

Type: Proapototic

cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (also known as p21 WAF1/Cip1) promotes cell cycle arrest in response to many stimuli.
P21 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that plays a crucial role in regulating the cell cycle. It is encoded by the CDKN1A gene and is a key player in the cellular response to stress, including DNA damage.
P21 is often considered a tumor suppressor because its expression is upregulated in response to p53 activation, a well-known tumor suppressor protein. When DNA damage occurs, p53 can activate the transcription of the CDKN1A gene, leading to increased levels of P21, which helps prevent the proliferation of damaged cells.
In many cancers, the p53 pathway is disrupted, leading to decreased levels of P21. p21 is a apoptotic marker protein.
Cell cycle arrest gene p21

Field	Suggested Entry
Target	CDKN1A / p21 / p21Cip1/Waf1
Full Name	Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A
Target Class	CIP/KIP-family cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor
Main Binding Partners	CDK2, CDK1, CDK4/6, cyclin complexes, PCNA
Primary Biology	p53-mediated cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, senescence, differentiation, CDK inhibition, RB/E2F pathway suppression, apoptosis regulation
Cancer Relevance	High but context-dependent: p21 can suppress tumor growth through cell-cycle arrest and senescence, but can also support apoptosis resistance, senescent-cell survival, and therapy resistance in some tumors
AD Relevance	Medium: indirect relevance through neuronal cell-cycle re-entry, senescence, p53 stress signaling, and aging-related cell-cycle dysregulation
Therapeutic Direction	Context-dependent. Restore/activate p21 for tumor-suppressive arrest where appropriate; inhibit or bypass p21 where it promotes apoptosis resistance, senescent-cell survival, or treatment resistance.

Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱

2445-

SFN,

Sulforaphane-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Senescence are accompanied by DNA Hypomethylation and Changes in microRNA Profile in Breast Cancer Cells

-

in-vitro,

BC,

MCF7

-

in-vitro,

BC,

MDA-MB-231

-

in-vitro,

BC,

SkBr3

TumCCA↑, P21↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, NO↑, Akt↓, ATP↓, AMPK↑, TumAuto↑, DNMT1↓, HK2↓, PKM2↓, HDAC3↓, HDAC4↓, HDAC8↓,

1471-

SFN,

ROS-mediated activation of AMPK plays a critical role in sulforaphane-induced apoptosis and mitotic arrest in AGS human gastric cancer cells

-

in-vitro,

GC,

AGS

TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, CycB/CCNB1↑, P21↑, p‑H3↑, p‑AMPK↑, eff↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, ROS↑, eff↓,

1466-

SFN,

Sulforaphane inhibits thyroid cancer cell growth and invasiveness through the reactive oxygen species-dependent pathway

-

vitro+vivo,

Thyroid,

FTC-133

10.8 to 19.6 μM

mice

TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, EMT↓, Slug↓, Twist↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TumCG↓, p‑Akt↓, P21↑, ERK↑, p38↑, ROS↑, *toxicity∅, MMP↓, eff↓,

1458-

SFN,

Sulforaphane Impact on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Bladder Carcinoma

-

Review,

Bladder,

NA

HDAC↓, eff↓, TumW↓, TumW↓, angioG↓, *toxicity↓, GutMicro↝, AntiCan↑, ROS↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Casp8∅, cl‑PARP↑, TRAIL↑, DR5↑, eff↓, NRF2↑, ER Stress↑, COX2/PTGS2↓, EGFR↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, ChemoSen↑, NF-kB↓, TumCCA?, p‑Akt↓, p‑mTOR↓, p70S6↓, p19↑, P21↑, CD44↓, CSCs↓,

1434-

SFN,

GEM,

Sulforaphane Potentiates Gemcitabine-Mediated Anti-Cancer Effects against Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma by Inhibiting HDAC Activity

-

in-vitro,

CCA,

HuCCT1

 SFN (0–80 μM) or GEM (0–10 μM) for 24 h

27.4uM(SFN),0.57 μM(GEM)

-

in-vitro,

CCA,

HuH28

34.2 μM(SFN), 0.71um(GEM)

-

in-vivo,

NA,

NA

50 mg/kg/day

tumors of SFN- and GEM-treated mice

HDAC↓, ac‑H3↑, ChemoSen↑, tumCV↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, cl‑Casp3↑, TumCI↓, VEGF↓, VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, Hif1a↓, eNOS↓, EMT?, TumCG↓, Ki-67↓, TUNEL↑, P21↑, p‑Chk2↑, CDC25↓, BAX↑, *ROS↓, NQO1?,

1500-

SFN,

A novel mechanism of chemoprotection by sulforaphane: inhibition of histone deacetylase

-

in-vitro,

Nor,

HEK293

-

in-vitro,

CRC,

HCT116

HDAC↓, P21↑, TOPflash↑,

1497-

SFN,

Differential effects of sulforaphane on histone deacetylases, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in normal prostate cells versus hyperplastic and cancerous prostate cells

-

in-vitro,

Nor,

PrEC

-

in-vitro,

Pca,

LNCaP

15 µM SFN

-

in-vitro,

Pca,

PC3

HDAC↓, selectivity↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, selectivity↑, H3↑, P21↑, selectivity↑,

1513-

SFN,

acetaz,

Next-generation multimodality of nutrigenomic cancer therapy: sulforaphane in combination with acetazolamide actively target bronchial carcinoid cancer in disabling the PI3K/Akt/mTOR survival pathway and inducing apoptosis

-

in-vitro,

BrCC,

H720

AZ, SFN, and AZ+SFN (10 μM, 20 μM, and 40 μM)

-

in-vivo,

BrCC,

NA

AZ (20 mg/kg), SFN (40 mg/kg), and a combination of AZ (20 mg/kg) plus SFN (40 mg/kg), daily for two weeks

mice

-

in-vitro,

BrCC,

H727

Synergy↑, tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, P21↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, 5HT↓, NRF2↑,

1725-

SFN,

Anticancer Activity of Sulforaphane: The Epigenetic Mechanisms and the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

-

Review,

Var,

NA

*toxicity∅, AntiCan↑, antiOx↑, NRF2↑, DNMTs↓, HDAC↓, Hif1a↓, VEGF↓, P21↑, TumCCA↑, ac‑H3↑, ac‑H4↑, DNAdam↑, Dose↝,

1726-

SFN,

Sulforaphane: A Broccoli Bioactive Phytocompound with Cancer Preventive Potential

-

Review,

Var,

NA

Dose↝, eff↝, IL1β↓, IL6↓, IL12↓, TNF-α↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, CXCR4↓, MPO↓, HSP70/HSPA5↓, HSP90↓, VCAM-1↓, IKKα↓, NF-kB↓, HO-1↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, cl‑PARP↑, Cyt‑c↑, Diablo↑, CHOP/DDIT3↑, survivin↓, XIAP↓, p38↑, Fas↑, PUMA↑, VEGF↓, Hif1a↓, Twist↓, Zeb1↓, Vim↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, E-cadherin↑, N-cadherin↓, Snail↓, CD44↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycA1/CCNA1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, p50↓, P53↑, P21↑, GSH↑, SOD↑, GSTs↑, mTOR↓, Akt↓, PI3K↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, IGF-1↓, cMyc↓, CSCs↓,

1730-

SFN,

Sulforaphane: An emergent anti-cancer stem cell agent

-

Review,

Var,

NA

BioAv↓, BioAv↑, GSTA1↑, P450↓, TumCCA↑, HDAC↓, P21↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, DNMT1↓, DNMT3A↓, cycD1/CCND1↑, DNAdam↑, BAX↑, Cyt‑c↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, AIF↑, CDK1↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, NRF2↑, NF-kB↓, TNF-α↓, IL1β↓, CSCs↓, CD133↓, CD44↓, ALDH↓, Nanog↓, OCT4↓, hTERT/TERT↓, MMP2↓, EMT↓, ALDH1A1↓, Wnt↓, NOTCH↓, ChemoSen↑, *Ki-67↓, *HDAC3↓, *HDAC↓,

3290-

SIL,

A review of therapeutic potentials of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) and its main constituent, silymarin, on cancer, and their related patents

-

Analysis,

Var,

NA

hepatoP↑, chemoP↑, *lipid-P↓, *antiOx↑, tumCV↓, TumCMig↓, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, Bcl-2↓, survivin↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, NOTCH1↓, BAX↑, NF-kB↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, LOX1↓, iNOS↓, TNF-α↓, IL1↓, Inflam↓, *toxicity↓, CXCR4↓, EGFR↓, ERK↓, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, TumCCA↑, RB1↑, P53↑, P21↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK4↓, p‑pRB↓, Hif1a↓, cMyc↓, IL1β↓, IFN-γ↓, PCNA↓, PSA↓, CYP1A1↓,

3282-

SIL,

Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions

-

Review,

Var,

NA

hepatoP↑, AntiCan↑, TumCMig↓, Hif1a↓, selectivity↑, toxicity∅, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, TumCCA↑, P21↑, CDK4↓, NF-kB↓, ERK↓, PSA↓, TumCG↓, p27/CDKN1B↑, COX2/PTGS2↓, IL1↓, VEGF↓, IGFBP3↑, AR↓, STAT3↓, Telomerase↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, eff↝, HDAC↓, HATs↑, Zeb1↓, E-cadherin↑, miR-203↑, NHE1↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, PGE2↓, Vim↓, Wnt↓, angioG↓, VEGF↓, *TIMP1↓, EMT↓, TGF-β↓, CD44↓, EGFR↓, PDGF↓, *IL8↓, SREBP1/SREBF1↓, MMP↓, ATP↓, uPA↓, PD-L1↓, NOTCH↓, *SIRT1↑, SIRT1↓, CA↓, Ca+2↑, chemoP↑, cardioP↑, Dose↝, Half-Life↝, BioAv↓, BioAv↓, BioAv↓, toxicity↝, Half-Life↓, ROS↓, FAK↓,

3648-

SIL,

Silymarin/Silybin and Chronic Liver Disease: A Marriage of Many Years

-

Review,

Var,

NA

*antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *lipid-P↓, *necrosis↓, *hepatoP↑, *IL1↓, *IL6↓, *TNF-α↓, *IFN-γ↓, MAPK↓, Apoptosis↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, *PPARγ↑, *GLUT4↑, *HSPs↓, *HSP27↑, *Trx↑, *SIRT1↑, *ALAT↓, *GSH↑, *lipid-P↓, *TNF-α↓, TumCG↓, P21↑, CDK4↑,

2197-

SK,

Shikonin derivatives for cancer prevention and therapy

-

Review,

Var,

NA

ROS↑, Ca+2↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, MMP9↓, NF-kB↓, PKM2↓, Hif1a↓, NRF2↓, P53↑, DNMT1↓, MDR1↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, VEGF↓, EMT↓, MMP7↓, MMP13↓, uPA↓, RIP1↑, RIP3↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑, P21↓, DFF45↓, TRAIL↑, PTEN↑, mTOR↓, AR↓, FAK↓, Src↓, Myc↓, RadioS↑,

2229-

SK,

Shikonin induces apoptosis and prosurvival autophagy in human melanoma A375 cells via ROS-mediated ER stress and p38 pathways

-

in-vitro,

Melanoma,

A375

Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, P21↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, ER Stress↑, p‑eIF2α↑, CHOP/DDIT3↑, cl‑Casp3↑, p38↑, LC3B-II↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, ROS↑, eff↓,

3041-

SK,

Promising Nanomedicines of Shikonin for Cancer Therapy

-

Review,

Var,

NA

Glycolysis↓, TAMS↝, BioAv↓, Half-Life↝, P21↑, ERK↓, ROS↑, GSH↓, MMP↓, TrxR↓, MMP13↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, SIRT2↑, Hif1a↓, PKM2↓, TumCP↓, TumMeta↓, TumCI↓,

5104-

SK,

Shikonin induces cell cycle arrest in human gastric cancer (AGS) by early growth response 1 (Egr1)-mediated p21 gene expression.

-

in-vitro,

GC,

AGS

12.5-100 ng/mL dosage of shikonin treatment on AGS cancer cell

TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, P21↑,

5339-

TFdiG,

Pre-treated theaflavin-3,3′-digallate has a higher inhibitory effect on the HCT116 cell line

-

in-vitro,

CRC,

HCT116

eff↑, TumCCA↑, Inflam↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, iNOS↓, P53↑, P21↑, cl‑Casp3↑,

2112-

TQ,

Crude flavonoid extract of the medicinal herb Nigella sativa inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in breastcancer cells

-

in-vitro,

BC,

MCF7

45 mg/ml@72hr

Apoptosis↑, DNAdam↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, MMP↓, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, Casp9↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, P53↑, P21↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, GSSG↑, GSH/GSSG↓,

2119-

TQ,

Dual properties of Nigella Sativa: anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant

-

Review,

Var,

NA

*ROS↓, ROS↑, chemoP↑, RenoP↑, hepatoP↑, NLRP3↓, neuroP↑, NF-kB↓, P21↑, HDAC↓, Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, GSH↓, GADD45A↑, GSK‐3β↑,

2122-

TQ,

Review on Molecular and Therapeutic Potential of Thymoquinone in Cancer

-

Review,

Var,

NA

ChemoSen↓, *ROS↓, *GSH↑, RenoP↑, hepatoP↑, COX2/PTGS2↓, NF-kB↓, chemoPv↑, neuroP↑, TumCCA↑, P21↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, ROS↑, DNAdam↑, MUC4↓,

2124-

TQ,

Thymoquinone: an emerging natural drug with a wide range of medical applications

-

Review,

Var,

NA

hepatoP↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, P21↑, TRAIL↑, P53↑, TumCCA↑, hepatoP↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, *MDA↓, *GSSG↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *lipid-P↓, PPARγ↑, p38↑, ROS↑, ChemoSen↑, selectivity↑, selectivity↑, *MDA↓, *SOD↑, *antiAll↑,

2129-

TQ,

doxoR,

Thymoquinone up-regulates PTEN expression and induces apoptosis in doxorubicin-resistant human breast cancer cells

-

in-vitro,

BC,

MCF7

25, 50 or 100 µM TQ

ChemoSen↑, PTEN↑, p‑Akt↓, TumCCA↑, P53↑, P21↑, Apoptosis↑, MMP↓, Casp↑, cl‑PARP↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, eff↓, DNAdam↓, p‑γH2AX↑, ROS↑,

2095-

TQ,

Review on the Potential Therapeutic Roles of Nigella sativa in the Treatment of Patients with Cancer: Involvement of Apoptosis

-

Review,

Var,

NA

TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, Cyt‑c↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, cl‑PARP↑, P53↑, P21↑, cMyc↓, hTERT/TERT↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK4↓, NF-kB↓, IAP1↓, IAP2/BIRC3↓, XIAP↓, Bcl-xL↓, survivin↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, ChemoSen↑,

2097-

TQ,

Crude extract of Nigella sativa inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells

-

in-vitro,

Cerv,

HeLa

 IC50 values for 25, 50, 75 and 100 ug/ml were observed after 72, 48, 24 and 24 h

Cyt‑c↑, Bax:Bcl2↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Casp8↑, cl‑PARP↑, cMyc↓, hTERT/TERT↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, CDK4↓, P53↑, P21↑, TumCP↓, Apoptosis↓, selectivity↑,

2100-

TQ,

Dual properties of Nigella Sative: Anti-oxidant and Pro-oxidant

-

Review,

Var,

NA

ROS⇅, *antiOx↑, *SOD↑, *MPO↑, *neuroP↑, *chemoP↑, *radioP↑, NF-kB↓, IAP1↓, IAP2/BIRC3↓, XIAP↓, Bcl-xL↓, survivin↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, MMP9↓, VEGF↓, ROS↑, P21↑, HDAC↓, GSH↓, GADD45A↑, AIF↑, STAT3↓,

2102-

TQ,

A review on therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa: A miracle herb

-

Review,

Var,

NA

angioG↓, NF-kB↓, PPARγ↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, MUC4↓, cJun↑, p38↑, P21↑, HDAC↓, *radioP↑, hepatoP↑,

2103-

TQ,

Anti-inflammatory effects of the Nigella sativa seed extract, thymoquinone, in pancreatic cancer cells

-

in-vitro,

PC,

Hs766t

25–75 µM

-

in-vitro,

PC,

MIA PaCa-2

MCP1/CCL2↓, TNF-α↓, IL1β↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, NF-kB↓, HDAC↓, P21↑,

2105-

TQ,

Thymoquinone Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Cell Death and Reduction of Tumor Size through Combined Inhibition of Histone Deacetylation and Induction of Histone Acetylation

-

in-vitro,

PC,

AsPC-1

10–50 μM

-

in-vitro,

PC,

MIA PaCa-2

-

in-vitro,

PC,

Hs766t

-

in-vivo,

NA,

NA

mice

tumCV↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, P53↑, Bcl-2↓, P21↑, ac‑H4↑, HDAC↓, HDAC1↓, HDAC2↓, HDAC3↓, TumVol↓,

4565-

TQ,

Thymoquinone in the clinical treatment of cancer: Fact or fiction?

-

Review,

BC,

NA

Dose↝, TumCCA↑, P21↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, TumCI↑, TumMeta↓, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, survivin↓, PTEN↑, Akt↓, P53↑, NF-kB↓, cardioP↑, Dose↝,

3413-

TQ,

Thymoquinone induces apoptosis in human colon cancer HCT116 cells through inactivation of STAT3 by blocking JAK2- and Src‑mediated phosphorylation of EGF receptor tyrosine kinase

-

in-vitro,

CRC,

HCT116

tumCV↓, Apoptosis↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓, Casp9↑, Casp7↑, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, STAT3↓, survivin↓, cMyc↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, p27/CDKN1B↑, P21↑, EGFR↓, ROS↑,

3401-

TQ,

Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its active constituent, thymoquinone: a review

-

Review,

Var,

NA

TumCP↓, *antiOx↑, *ROS↓, NRF2↑, NF-kB↓, TumCCA↑, *GABA↑, P53↑, P21↑, AMPK↑, neuroP↑, cardioP↑, hepatoP↑,

3397-

TQ,

Thymoquinone: A Promising Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

-

Review,

CRC,

NA

6-112uM (table 1)

ChemoSen↑, *Half-Life↝, *BioAv↝, *antiOx↑, *Inflam↓, *hepatoP↑, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, angioG↑, selectivity↑, JNK↑, p38↑, p‑NF-kB↑, ERK↓, PI3K↓, PTEN↑, Akt↓, mTOR↓, EMT↓, Twist↓, E-cadherin↓, ROS⇅, *Catalase↑, *SOD↑, *GSTA1↑, *GPx↑, *PGE2↓, *IL1β↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *MMP13↓, MMPs↓, TumMeta↓, VEGF↓, STAT3↓, BAX↑, Bcl-2↑, Casp9↑, Casp7↑, Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, survivin↓, cMyc↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, p27/CDKN1B↑, P21↑, GSK‐3β↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, chemoP↑,

3427-

TQ,

Chemopreventive and Anticancer Effects of Thymoquinone: Cellular and Molecular Targets

-

in-vitro,

Var,

NA

ROS⇅, Fas↑, DR5↑, TRAIL↑, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, P53↑, mTOR↓, Bcl-2↓, BID↓, CXCR4↓, JNK↑, p38↑, MAPK↑, LC3II↑, ATG7↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, AMPK↑, PPARγ↑, eIF2α↓, P70S6K↓, VEGF↓, ERK↓, NF-kB↓, XIAP↓, survivin↓, p65↓, DLC1↑, FOXO↑, TET2↑, CYP1B1↑, UHRF1↓, DNMT1↓, HDAC1↓, IL2↑, IL1↓, IL6↓, IL10↓, IL12↓, TNF-α↓, iNOS↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, 5LO↓, AP-1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, cMET↓, VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, CXCL1↓, ITGA5↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, GSK‐3β↓, Myc↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, N-cadherin↓, Snail↓, Slug↓, Vim↓, Twist↓, Zeb1↓, MMP2↓, MMP7↓, MMP9↓, JAK2↓, STAT3↓, NOTCH↓, cycA1/CCNA1↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, CDC2↓, CDC25↓, Mcl-1↓, E2Fs↓, p16↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, P21↑, ChemoSen↑,

3423-

TQ,

Epigenetic role of thymoquinone: impact on cellular mechanism and cancer therapeutics

-

Review,

Var,

NA

AntiCan↑, Inflam↓, hepatoP↑, RenoP↑, BAX↑, Bak↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, ROS↑, P53↑, PTEN↑, P21↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, BRCA1↑, PI3K↓, Akt↓, MAPK↓, ERK↓, p‑ERK↓, MMPs↓, FAK↓, Twist↓, Zeb1↓, EMT↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓, VEGF↓, HDAC↓, Maspin↑, SIRT1↑, DNMT1↓, DNMT3A↓, HDAC1↓, HDAC4↓,

3421-

TQ,

Insights into the molecular interactions of thymoquinone with histone deacetylase: evaluation of the therapeutic intervention potential against breast cancer

-

Analysis,

Nor,

NA

-

in-vivo,

Nor,

NA

-

in-vitro,

BC,

MCF7

-

in-vitro,

Nor,

HaCaT

HDAC↓, P21↑, Maspin↑, BAX↑, B2M↓, TumCCA↑, selectivity↑, *toxicity↓, TumCMig↓, TumCP↓,

2411-

UA,

Ursolic acid in health and disease

-

Review,

Var,

NA

Inflam↓, antiOx↑, NF-kB↓, Bcl-xL↓, Bcl-2↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Ki-67↓, CD31/PECAM-1↓, STAT3↓, EGFR↓, P53↑, P21↓, HK2↓, PKM2↓, ATP↓, lactateProd↓, p‑ERK↓, MMP↓, NO↑, ATM↑, Casp3↑, AMPK↑, JNK↑, FAO↑, FASN↓, *GSH↑, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *GPx↑, *GSTs↑, neuroP↑,

5017-

UA,

Ursolic acid disturbs ROS homeostasis and regulates survival-associated gene expression to induce apoptosis in intestinal cancer cells

-

in-vitro,

Cerv,

INT-407

34.7 μM

-

in-vitro,

CRC,

HCT116

AntiCan↑, TumCG↓, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCMig↓, CTNNB1↓, Twist↓, Bcl-2↓, survivin↓, NF-kB↓, Sp1/3/4↓, BAX↑, P21↑, P53↑, eff↓, TumCMig↓,

5022-

UA,

Ursolic Acid’s Alluring Journey: One Triterpenoid vs. Cancer Hallmarks

-

Review,

Var,

NA

TumCP↓, Apoptosis↑, angioG↑, TumMeta↓, BioAv↓, Hif1a↓, Glycolysis↓, mitResp↓, Akt↓, MAPK↓, ERK↓, mTOR↓, P53↑, P21↑, E2Fs↑, STAT3↓, MMP↓, NLRP3↓, iNOS↓, CHK1↓, Chk2↓, BRCA1↓, E-cadherin↑, N-cadherin↓, Casp↑, p62↓, LC3II↑, Vim↓, ROS↑, CSCs↓, DNAdam↑, GutMicro↑, VEGF↓,

4857-

Uro,

Evaluation and comparison of the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects of urolithin A and urolithin B against esophageal cancer cells: an in vitro and in silico study

-

in-vitro,

ESCC,

KYSE-30

tumCV↓, selectivity↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, P21↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓,

4839-

Uro,

Urolithin A induces prostate cancer cell death in p53-dependent and in p53-independent manner

-

in-vitro,

Pca,

22Rv1

-

in-vitro,

Pca,

LNCaP

tumCV↓, Apoptosis↓, P53↑, P21↑, PUMA↑, NOXA↑, MDM2↓, XIAP↓,

4841-

Uro,

Urolithin A induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by inhibiting Bcl-2, increasing p53-p21 proteins and reactive oxygen species production in colorectal cancer cells

-

in-vitro,

CRC,

HT29

 3.125 μM and up to 200 μM

 25.45 μM

-

in-vitro,

CRC,

SW480

38.135 μM

-

in-vitro,

CRC,

SW-620

53.561 μM

Metastatic cancer cells seemed to resist the UA as compared to adenocarcinoma cell lines

TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, P53↑, P21↑, Bcl-2↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, ROS↑, *ROS↓,

4845-

Uro,

The gut microbiota metabolite urolithin A, but not other relevant urolithins, induces p53-dependent cellular senescence in human colon cancer cells

-

in-vitro,

Colon,

HCT116

TumCCA↑, P53↑, P21↑,

4848-

Uro,

OXA,

Urolithin A gains in antiproliferative capacity by reducing the glycolytic potential via the p53/TIGAR axis in colon cancer cells

-

in-vitro,

Colon,

HCT116

oxaliplatin, urolithin A showed an IC50 value of 19 µM (72 h)

TumCG↓, ChemoSen↑, P53↝, P21↑,

628-

VitC,

Mg,

Enhanced Anticancer Effect of Adding Magnesium to Vitamin C Therapy: Inhibition of Hormetic Response by SVCT-2 Activation

-

in-vivo,

Colon,

CT26

mouse

-

in-vitro,

NA,

MCF7

 1–10 mM(Mg)

(MgSO4 and MgCl2) no cytotoxicity at any of the tested concentrations.

-

in-vitro,

NA,

SkBr3

AntiCan↑, SVCT-2↝, TumCD↑, ROS↑, P21↑, proCasp3↑, TumVol↓, DNAdam↑, NAD↓,

9129-

ZYF,

Zyflamend-mediated inhibition of human prostate cancer PC3 cell proliferation: effects on 12-LOX and Rb protein phosphorylation

-

in-vitro,

Pca,

PC3

Inflam↓, COX1↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, 5LO↓, 5-HETE↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, 12LOX↓, p‑P21↑, pRB↓,

9128-

ZYF,

Zyflamend, a unique herbal preparation with nonselective COX inhibitory activity, induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells that lack COX-2 expression

-

in-vitro,

Pca,

LNCaP

COX1?, COX2/PTGS2?, P21↑, TumCG↓, cl‑PARP↑, Casp3↑, Apoptosis↑, AR↓, STAT3↓, p‑PKCδ↓,

9125-

ZYF,

Zyflamend, a polyherbal mixture, down regulates class I and class II histone deacetylases and increases p21 levels in castrate-resistant prostate cancer cells

-

in-vitro,

Pca,

NA

HDAC↓, Ingr↝, CBP↑, TumCP↓, P21↑, Ingr↝,

Showing Research Papers: 301 to 349 of 349
Prev Page 7 of 7

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 349

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

NA, unassigned(tgid=0) ⓘ

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

4-HNE↑, 1, antiOx↓, 3, antiOx↑, 10, antiOx⇅, 1, ARE↑, 1, Catalase↓, 4, Catalase↑, 4, Copper↑, 1, Fenton↑, 1, GPx↓, 1, GPx↑, 7, GPx1↓, 1, GPx4↓, 2, GSH↓, 21, GSH↑, 9, GSH/GSSG↓, 1, GSR↑, 2, GSS↑, 1, GSSG↑, 1, GSTs↓, 2, GSTs↑, 2, GSTs↝, 1, H2O2↓, 1, H2O2↑, 1, HO-1↓, 6, HO-1↑, 12, HO-2↓, 1, Iron↓, 1, i-Iron↑, 1, lipid-P↓, 6, lipid-P↑, 2, MDA↓, 2, MDA↑, 4, MPO↓, 1, NOX4↑, 1, NQO1?, 1, NQO1↑, 2, NRF2↓, 11, NRF2↑, 20, NRF2↝, 1, PAO↑, 1, Prx4↑, 1, PrxII↓, 1, ROS?, 1, ROS↓, 21, ROS↑, 159, ROS⇅, 8, ROS↝, 1, ROS∅, 1, i-ROS↓, 1, i-ROS↑, 1, SAM-e↝, 1, SOD↓, 5, SOD↑, 6, SOD1↑, 2, SOD2↓, 2, SOD2↑, 1, Trx↑, 1, Trx1↓, 1, Trx1↑, 1, TrxR↓, 3, TrxR↑, 1, TrxR1↓, 1, xCT/SLC7A11↓, 1,

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

IronCh↑, 1, IronCh∅, 1,

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

ADP:ATP↑, 1, BCR↓, 1, CDC16↓, 1, CDC2↓, 8, CDC2↑, 1, CDC25↓, 19, CDC25↑, 1, compI↓, 1, compIII↓, 1, EGF↓, 3, ETC↓, 3, HSP60/HSPD1↓, 2, Insulin↓, 2, mitResp↓, 2, mtDam↑, 14, OCR↓, 2, OCR↑, 1, OXPHOS↓, 1, OXPHOS↑, 1, PDH↑, 1, SIRT3↓, 1, SIRT3↑, 2,

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

12LOX↓, 2, 5-HETE↓, 1, 5LO↓, 4, ACC↑, 2, ALAT↓, 2, ALAT↝, 1, ALDOA↓, 1, AMPK↓, 2, AMPK↑, 16, p‑AMPK↑, 1, ATP↓, 9, CAIX/CA9↑, 1, CholSyn↓, 1, ECAR↓, 1, ECAR↝, 1, ENO1↓, 1, FAO↑, 1, FASN↓, 5, G6PD↓, 1, GlucoseCon↓, 5, GlucoseCon∅, 1, Glycolysis↓, 17, GSK‐3β↓, 11, GSK‐3β↑, 2, p‑GSK‐3β↓, 4, H2S↑, 1, Histones↑, 1, HK2↓, 12, HMG-CoA↓, 1, lactateProd↓, 5, lactateProd∅, 1, LDHA↓, 5, LDL↓, 3, MCT4↓, 1, NAD↓, 1, NAD↝, 1, NADPH↑, 1, PDK1 / PDPK1?, 2, PDK1 / PDPK1↓, 2, PFK↓, 3, PKM2↓, 9, polyA↓, 1, p‑S6↓, 1, SIRT1↓, 6, SIRT1↑, 3, SIRT2↓, 1, SIRT2↑, 1, SREBP1/SREBF1↓, 2, SSAT↑, 1, TCA↓, 1, TS↓, 2, Warburg↓, 1,

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

AIF↑, 14, APAF1↑, 7, Apoptosis?, 2, Apoptosis↓, 6, Apoptosis↑, 153, Apoptosis↝, 1, Apoptosis∅, 1, mt-Apoptosis↑, 3, ASK1↑, 1, BAD↑, 11, Bak↑, 8, BAX↓, 5, BAX↑, 106, BAX⇅, 1, BAX↝, 2, BAX∅, 1, Bax:Bcl2↑, 35, Bcl-2↓, 95, Bcl-2↑, 6, Bcl-2↝, 2, Bcl-2∅, 1, Bcl-xL↓, 36, Bcl-xL↑, 1, Bcl-xL↝, 1, Bcl-xL∅, 1, BID↓, 1, BID↑, 7, p‑BID↓, 1, BIM↑, 5, BNIP3↑, 1, BTG3↑, 1, Casp↑, 28, Casp1↑, 3, Casp10↑, 2, Casp12↑, 1, Casp2↑, 1, Casp3↓, 3, Casp3↑, 116, Casp3↝, 2, cl‑Casp3↑, 23, proCasp3↓, 1, proCasp3↑, 1, Casp6↑, 1, Casp7↑, 15, cl‑Casp7↑, 2, Casp8↑, 29, Casp8∅, 1, cl‑Casp8↑, 6, proCasp8↓, 1, Casp9↑, 78, cl‑Casp9↑, 10, proCasp9↓, 2, cFLIP↓, 3, Cyt‑c↓, 2, Cyt‑c↑, 67, Cyt‑c↝, 4, mt-Cyt‑c↓, 1, Diablo↑, 9, DR5↓, 1, DR5↑, 16, FADD↑, 3, Fas?, 1, Fas↓, 1, Fas↑, 14, FasL↑, 7, Ferroptosis↑, 1, HEY1↓, 1, IAP1↓, 6, IAP2/BIRC3↓, 2, cl‑IAP2/BIRC3↑, 1, ICAD↓, 1, iNOS↓, 11, iNOS↑, 1, Mcl-1?, 1, Mcl-1↓, 11, Mcl-1↑, 1, p‑Mcl-1↓, 1, MDM2↓, 13, MDM2↑, 1, necrosis↑, 1, NOXA↑, 3, p38↓, 4, p38↑, 17, p‑p38↑, 4, PUMA↓, 1, PUMA↑, 7, RIP3↑, 1, survivin↓, 47, survivin↝, 1, TRAIL↑, 7, TRAILR↑, 1, TumCD↑, 13, TUNEL↑, 1, XIAP↓, 20, YAP/TEAD↓, 1,

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

Akt↓, 83, Akt↑, 4, Akt↝, 1, p‑Akt↓, 25, p‑Akt↑, 1, AKT1↓, 2, AMPKα↑, 1, BRAF↝, 1, CaMKII ↓, 1, CDC7↓, 1, CK2↓, 3, cMET↓, 3, EF-1α↓, 1, EGFR↓, 31, EGFR↝, 1, p‑EGFR↓, 1, ERK↓, 33, ERK↑, 6, p‑ERK↓, 8, p‑ERK↑, 2, HER2/EBBR2↓, 8, p‑HER2/EBBR2↓, 1, HGF/c-Met↓, 2, IGF-1R↓, 2, IKKα↓, 5, p‑IKKα↓, 1, IκB↑, 2, p‑IκB↓, 1, JAK↓, 3, JAK1↓, 2, JAK2↓, 5, p‑JAK2↓, 1, JAK3↓, 1, p‑JAK3↓, 1, JNK↓, 6, JNK↑, 23, JNK↝, 1, p‑JNK↓, 2, p‑JNK↑, 1, MAP2K1/MEK1↓, 1, MAPK↓, 26, MAPK↑, 10, MAPK↝, 2, MEK↓, 1, p‑MEK↓, 1, mTOR↓, 46, mTOR↑, 1, mTOR↝, 1, p‑mTOR↓, 7, mTORC2↓, 2, p‑p42↓, 1, p70S6↓, 2, p70S6↑, 1, P70S6K↓, 4, P90RSK↓, 1, PDGFR-BB↓, 2, PI3K↓, 58, PI3K↑, 1, PI3K↝, 2, p‑PI3K↓, 1, PI3K/Akt↓, 2, PI3K/Akt↝, 1, PI3K/mTOR/ETS2↓, 1, PIAS-3↑, 1, PIK3CA↓, 1, PKCδ↓, 7, p‑PKCδ↓, 1, PTEN↓, 1, PTEN↑, 16, PTEN↝, 2, Raf↓, 4, c-Raf↓, 1, RAS↓, 11, RIP1↓, 1, RIP1↑, 1, S6K↓, 1, Sp1/3/4↓, 9, Src↓, 2, STAT↓, 2, STAT3↓, 47, STAT3↑, 2, p‑STAT3↓, 6, STAT5↓, 2, STAT6↓, 1, STK11/LKB1↑, 1, TSC2↑, 2,

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

ATF3↑, 1, ATF4↓, 1, ATF4↑, 9, ATF4↝, 1, CBP↑, 2, ChrMod↑, 1, cJun↓, 4, cJun↑, 3, p‑cJun↑, 1, cMyc↓, 29, cMyc↑, 1, p‑cMyc↑, 1, DNMT1↓, 8, DNMT3A↓, 3, DNMTs↓, 4, EZH2↓, 1, FOXM1↓, 5, FOXO↑, 2, FOXO1↓, 2, FOXO3↓, 4, FOXO3↑, 4, p‑FOXO3↓, 1, FOXO4↓, 1, GATA3↑, 1, H3↓, 1, H3↑, 3, p‑H3↑, 1, ac‑H3↑, 8, H3K9↓, 1, H4↑, 1, ac‑H4↑, 6, HATs↓, 2, HATs↑, 2, HDAC↓, 31, HDAC1↓, 8, HDAC10↓, 1, HDAC10↑, 1, HDAC2↓, 6, HDAC3↓, 5, HDAC4↓, 2, HDAC8↓, 3, HES1↓, 1, HMTs↓, 1, IRF1↑, 1, miR-106b↓, 1, miR-130a↓, 1, miR-133a-3p↑, 1, miR-155↓, 1, miR-192-5p↑, 1, miR-203↑, 1, miR-21↓, 3, miR-29b↑, 1, miR-34a↓, 1, miR-34a↑, 2, miR-34b-5p↑, 1, miR-384↑, 1, miR-99↑, 1, MTA2↓, 1, Myc↓, 7, MYCN↓, 1, MYCN↑, 1, OCT4↓, 9, OCT4↑, 1, OLIG2↓, 1, other?, 1, other↑, 1, other↝, 6, PAX2↓, 1, SOX2↓, 6, SOX4↓, 2, SOX4↑, 2, SOX9↓, 2, SUV39H↓, 2, TCF-4↓, 2, TET3↑, 1, tumCV↓, 41,

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

ATF6↑, 2, CHOP/DDIT3↑, 22, cl‑CHOP/DDIT3↑, 1, eIF2α↓, 1, eIF2α↑, 4, p‑eIF2α↑, 4, ER Stress↓, 2, ER Stress↑, 30, GRP78/BiP↓, 2, GRP78/BiP↑, 10, GRP94↑, 1, HSF1↓, 1, HSP27↓, 2, HSP27↑, 1, HSP70/HSPA5↓, 4, HSP70/HSPA5↑, 1, HSP90↓, 5, HSPs↓, 2, HTRA↓, 2, IRE1↑, 4, PERK↑, 4, Proteasome↓, 1, UPR↑, 3, XBP-1↑, 1,

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

ATG3↑, 1, ATG5↓, 1, ATG5↑, 3, ATG7↑, 3, Beclin-1/ATG6↓, 1, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, 7, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑, 1, LC3A↑, 1, LC3B-II↑, 2, LC3I↓, 1, LC3II↓, 1, LC3II↑, 7, LC3s↑, 1, p62↓, 3, p62↑, 3, TumAuto↓, 2, TumAuto↑, 19, TumAuto↝, 1,

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

ATM↑, 6, ATR↑, 3, BRCA1↓, 1, BRCA1↑, 4, p‑BRCA1↑, 1, BRCA2↑, 1, CUL4B↑, 1, DFF45↓, 1, DNAdam↓, 3, DNAdam↑, 56, DNArepair↓, 1, DNArepair↑, 1, hTERT/TERT↓, 10, MDMX↓, 1, MSH2↑, 1, p16↑, 6, P53↓, 6, P53↑, 134, P53↝, 2, p‑P53↓, 1, p‑P53↑, 4, p53 Wildtype↓, 1, PARP↓, 2, PARP↑, 8, PARP↝, 1, p‑PARP↑, 1, cl‑PARP↓, 1, cl‑PARP↑, 56, PARP1↑, 3, cl‑PARP1↑, 1, PCNA↓, 29, PCNA↝, 1, SIRT6↑, 1, Telomerase↓, 10, TOP1↓, 2, TOP2↓, 7, TP53↓, 2, TP53↑, 3, TRF2↓, 1, UHRF1↓, 1, γH2AX↓, 1, γH2AX↑, 11, p‑γH2AX↑, 4,

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

AURKB↓, 1, CDK1↓, 21, CDK1↑, 4, p‑CDK1↓, 2, CDK2↓, 61, CDK2↑, 1, CDK4↓, 71, CDK4↑, 2, CDK4↝, 1, p‑CDK4↓, 1, CDK4/6↓, 3, CDK6↓, 24, CDK6↑, 3, CDK8↓, 2, CDKN1C/p57↓, 1, CDKN2C/p18↑, 2, cellSen↑, 1, CHK1↓, 4, CHK1↑, 4, Chk2↓, 4, Chk2↑, 6, p‑Chk2↑, 1, Cyc↓, 6, Cyc↝, 1, cycA1/CCNA1↓, 22, cycA1/CCNA1↑, 2, CycB/CCNB1↓, 40, CycB/CCNB1↑, 4, cycD1/CCND1↓, 116, cycD1/CCND1↑, 3, cycD1/CCND1↝, 2, p‑cycD1/CCND1↓, 1, CycD3↓, 3, cycE/CCNE↓, 45, cycE/CCNE↑, 1, cycE/CCNE↝, 1, cycE1↓, 1, cycF↓, 1, E2F4↑, 1, E2Fs↓, 7, E2Fs↑, 1, GADD45A↑, 4, Ki-67↓, 18, mitA↑, 1, p19↑, 1, P21?, 2, P21↓, 22, P21↑, 316, P21↝, 2, p‑P21↑, 1, p27/CDKN1B↓, 8, p27/CDKN1B↑, 86, pRB↓, 4, pRB↑, 3, p‑pRB↓, 3, RB1↓, 1, RB1↑, 4, p‑RB1↓, 8, cl‑RB1↓, 1, TumCCA?, 3, TumCCA↓, 2, TumCCA↑, 219, WEE1↑, 3,

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

p‑4E-BP1↓, 1, ALDH↓, 4, ALDH1A1↓, 3, BMPs↑, 1, CD133↓, 6, CD24↓, 2, cFos↓, 7, CSCs↓, 22, Diff↑, 3, EIF4E↓, 1, EP300↑, 1, EP4/PTGER4↑, 1, Gli1↓, 3, HH↓, 1, HMGCR↓, 2, IGF-1↓, 7, IGFBP3↑, 3, IGFBP7↑, 1, p‑Jun↓, 1, Ki-67↓, 18, Let-7↑, 1, mTORC1↓, 5, Nanog↓, 10, Nanog↑, 1, Nestin↓, 2, NF2↑, 1, NICD↓, 1, NOTCH↓, 10, NOTCH1↓, 8, NOTCH2↑, 1, NOTCH3↓, 2, PTCH1↓, 1, SCF↓, 1, Shh↓, 4, Smo↓, 2, STAT1↓, 1, p‑STAT1↓, 1, TAZ↓, 1, TOPflash↑, 1, TumCG?, 2, TumCG↓, 60, TumCG↑, 1, TumCP↓, 119, TumCP↑, 1, TumCP⇅, 1, Wnt?, 1, Wnt↓, 24, Wnt↝, 1, Wnt/(β-catenin)↓, 4,

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AEG1↓, 1, AntiAg↑, 1, AP-1↓, 13, AP-1↝, 1, ATPase↓, 1, AXL↓, 1, CA↓, 1, Ca+2↓, 1, Ca+2↑, 20, Ca+2↝, 1, i-Ca+2↑, 2, CAFs/TAFs↓, 1, Cal1↑, 1, cal2↓, 1, cal2↑, 2, Cdc42↑, 1, COL1↓, 1, CTNNB1↓, 1, DLC1↑, 1, E-cadherin↓, 4, E-cadherin↑, 22, EMT?, 1, EMT↓, 39, F-actin↓, 1, FAK↓, 9, p‑FAK↓, 3, Fibronectin↓, 2, GLI2↓, 2, ITGA5↓, 1, ITGB4↓, 1, LAMs↓, 1, MALAT1↓, 1, MET↓, 2, MMP1↓, 3, MMP13↓, 3, MMP16↓, 1, MMP2↓, 48, MMP2↝, 1, MMP3↓, 3, MMP7↓, 10, MMP9↓, 61, MMP9↑, 1, MMPs↓, 17, MUC4↓, 2, N-cadherin↓, 13, p44↓, 1, p‑p44↓, 1, PAK1↓, 1, PDGF↓, 5, Rho↑, 1, ROCK1↓, 2, ROCK1↑, 1, Sharpin↓, 1, Slug↓, 9, SMAD3↓, 1, SMAD3↑, 1, SMAD4↑, 1, Snail↓, 15, TET1↑, 2, TGF-β↓, 6, TIMP1↓, 1, TIMP1↑, 5, TIMP2↓, 1, TIMP2↑, 3, TRIB3↑, 1, TSC1↑, 1, TumCA↓, 1, TumCA↑, 1, TumCI↓, 46, TumCI↑, 1, TumCMig↓, 43, TumMeta↓, 43, TumMeta↑, 5, Twist↓, 17, TXNIP↑, 1, uPA↓, 13, uPAR↓, 1, Vim↓, 22, Zeb1↓, 9, α-tubulin↓, 1, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 28, β-catenin/ZEB1↑, 1, β-catenin/ZEB1↝, 1, p‑β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 1,

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 44, angioG↑, 2, CD31/PECAM-1↓, 2, Endoglin↑, 2, eNOS↓, 2, eNOS↑, 1, HIF-1↓, 2, Hif1a↓, 39, Hif1a↑, 1, LOX1↓, 2, NO↓, 1, NO↑, 4, VCAM-1↓, 2, VEGF↓, 62, VEGF↝, 1, VEGFR1↓, 1, VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, 9, p‑VEGFR2/KDR/Flk1↓, 1,

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

CLDN2↓, 1, EPR↑, 2, GLUT1↓, 3, GLUT1↑, 1, GLUT3↑, 1, GLUT4↓, 1, MMP?, 1, MMP↓, 76, MMP↑, 1, MPT↑, 1, NHE1↓, 2, SVCT-2↝, 1, TRPM7↓, 2, TRPV1↑, 1,

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

B2M↓, 1, CD25+↑, 1, CD4+↑, 3, CD44↓, 13, CD59↑, 1, CD8+↑, 1, cDC2↓, 6, COX1?, 1, COX1↓, 3, COX2/PTGS2?, 1, COX2/PTGS2↓, 54, COX2/PTGS2↑, 1, COX2/PTGS2↝, 2, CXCL1↓, 1, CXCR4↓, 8, DCells↑, 1, DR4↑, 4, Eos↑, 1, FOXP3↓, 1, FOXP3↑, 1, HMGB1↓, 1, ICAM-1↓, 2, IFN-γ↓, 3, Igs↑, 1, IL1↓, 5, IL1↑, 1, IL10↓, 4, IL10↑, 1, IL12↓, 2, IL1β↓, 11, IL2↓, 2, IL2↑, 2, IL4↓, 2, IL4↑, 3, IL6↓, 19, IL6↝, 1, IL7↓, 1, IL8↓, 7, IL8↑, 1, Imm↑, 7, Imm↝, 1, Inflam↓, 17, Inflam↝, 1, IRAK1↓, 1, MCP1/CCL2↓, 1, Neut↑, 1, NF-kB↓, 103, NF-kB↑, 4, NF-kB↝, 1, p‑NF-kB↓, 1, p‑NF-kB↑, 2, NK cell↑, 3, NLRP3↓, 2, p50↓, 1, p65↓, 8, p‑p65↓, 1, ac‑p65↓, 1, PD-L1↓, 5, PGD2↓, 1, PGE2↓, 13, PSA↓, 12, PSA↝, 1, PSA∅, 1, RANTES↓, 1, SOCS-3↑, 1, SOCS1↑, 2, T-Cell↑, 2, TCF↓, 1, Th1 response↑, 1, TLR4↓, 3, TNF-α↓, 20, TNF-α↑, 5, TNF-α↝, 1, TNFRSF25/DR3/APO3/LARD/TRAMP/WSL1↑, 2, TRADD↑, 1, Treg lymp↓, 1,

Cellular Microenvironment(tgid=17) ⓘ

GGT/CD224↑, 1, TAMS↝, 1,

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

AhR↓, 1, AhR↑, 2, AR↓, 19, AR↝, 1, ER-α36↓, 3, ER(estro)↓, 1, ER(estro)↑, 1, Estro↝, 1, FGF21↓, 1, GR↑, 1, cl‑PPARα↓, 1, PPARγ↓, 1, PPARγ↑, 6, RANKL↓, 2, SXR↓, 1,

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

ABCG2↓, 2, BioAv↓, 24, BioAv↑, 19, BioAv↝, 3, BioEnh↑, 1, ChemoSen↓, 4, ChemoSen↑, 90, ChemoSen⇅, 1, CompStab↑, 2, CompStab↝, 1, CYP1A1↓, 4, CYP1A2↓, 1, CYP1B1↑, 1, CYP3A4↓, 1, Dose?, 1, Dose↑, 4, Dose↝, 32, Dose∅, 10, eff↓, 29, eff↑, 44, eff↝, 3, eff∅, 1, GSTA1↑, 2, Half-Life↓, 7, Half-Life↝, 9, MDR1↓, 7, MRP1/ABCC1↓, 3, P-gp/ABCB1↓, 14, P450↓, 5, P450↝, 1, RadioS↑, 30, selectivity?, 1, selectivity↑, 60, selectivity↝, 1, Synergy↑, 49, TET2↓, 1, TET2↑, 1,

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

AFP↓, 1, ALAT↓, 2, ALAT↝, 1, ALP↓, 1, ALP↝, 1, AR↓, 19, AR↝, 1, AST↓, 2, AST↝, 1, B2M↓, 1, BRAF↝, 1, BRCA1↓, 1, BRCA1↑, 4, p‑BRCA1↑, 1, E6↓, 4, E7↓, 4, EGFR↓, 31, EGFR↝, 1, p‑EGFR↓, 1, EZH2↓, 1, FOXM1↓, 5, HER2/EBBR2↓, 8, p‑HER2/EBBR2↓, 1, hTERT/TERT↓, 10, IL6↓, 19, IL6↝, 1, LDH↓, 5, LDH↑, 1, Maspin↑, 2, Myc↓, 7, PD-L1↓, 5, PSA↓, 12, PSA↝, 1, PSA∅, 1, TG/TAG↓, 1, TP53↓, 2, TP53↑, 3, TRIB3↑, 1, Tumccf↓, 3,

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 35, AntiTum↑, 10, Appetite↑, 1, BowelM↑, 1, breath↑, 1, cachexia↓, 1, cardioP↑, 6, chemoP↑, 13, chemoPv↑, 11, ChemoSideEff↓, 2, fatigue↓, 1, FTO↑, 1, hepatoP↑, 10, Mucositis↓, 1, neuroP↑, 6, OS?, 1, OS↑, 10, OS⇅, 1, Pain↓, 2, PFS↑, 1, QoL↑, 5, radioP↑, 5, Remission↑, 2, RenoP↑, 7, Risk↓, 10, Sleep↑, 2, Strength↑, 2, TGFβR1↑, 1, toxicity↓, 11, toxicity↑, 1, toxicity↝, 2, toxicity∅, 1, TumVol↓, 18, TumW↓, 8, Weight↓, 1, Weight↑, 3,

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

GutMicro↑, 2, GutMicro↝, 1,

Ingredients & Constituents(tgid=25) ⓘ

Ingr?, 1, Ingr↝, 3,
Total Targets: 921

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↓, 2, antiOx↑, 40, Catalase↑, 16, GPx↓, 1, GPx↑, 14, GSH↑, 23, GSR↑, 3, GSSG↓, 1, GSTs↑, 5, HDL↓, 1, HDL↑, 1, HO-1↓, 1, HO-1↑, 5, Iron∅, 1, Keap1↓, 2, Keap1↑, 1, lipid-P↓, 16, MDA↓, 14, MPO↓, 2, MPO↑, 1, NQO1↑, 1, NRF2↓, 1, NRF2↑, 19, Prx↑, 1, RNS↓, 1, ROS?, 1, ROS↓, 39, ROS↑, 3, SOD↓, 1, SOD↑, 20, SOD1↑, 2, SOD2↓, 1, SOD2↑, 1, TAC↑, 2, TBARS↓, 1, Trx↓, 1, Trx↑, 1,

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

IronCh↓, 1, IronCh↑, 3,

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

PGC-1α↑, 1, SIRT3↑, 1,

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

12LOX↓, 1, 15-LOX/ALOX15↓, 1, 5LO↓, 2, ACSL4↓, 1, adiP↑, 1, ALAT↓, 7, AMPK↓, 1, AMPK↑, 3, ATP↓, 1, ATP↑, 2, FASN↓, 1, glucose↓, 2, glucose↝, 2, GlucoseCon↑, 1, GSK‐3β↓, 1, H2S↑, 1, HMG-CoA↓, 1, LDL↓, 3, NAD↓, 1, NADPH↑, 1, PONs↓, 1, SCFAs↑, 1, SIRT1↑, 3,

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

AIF↑, 1, Apoptosis↓, 3, BAX↓, 1, BAX↑, 1, Bax:Bcl2↑, 2, Bcl-2↓, 2, Casp3?, 1, Casp3↓, 4, Casp3↑, 1, cl‑Casp3↑, 1, Casp8↑, 1, cl‑Casp8↑, 2, Casp9↓, 3, Casp9↑, 1, cl‑Casp9↑, 1, Cyt‑c↓, 1, Cyt‑c↑, 2, Fas↓, 1, Fas↑, 2, Ferroptosis↓, 1, iNOS↓, 8, necrosis↓, 1, p38↓, 2, p38↑, 1,

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

Akt↓, 2, ERK↓, 1, ERK↑, 1, p‑ERK↑, 2, HGF/c-Met↑, 1, JNK↓, 1, p‑JNK↓, 1, MAPK↓, 3, mTOR↓, 1, PI3K↓, 1, PKCδ↓, 1, STAT3↓, 1,

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

AntiThr↑, 1, ATF4↓, 1, p‑cMyc↑, 1, HDAC↓, 2, HDAC3↓, 1, other↓, 1, other↑, 1, other↝, 3, tumCV↓, 1,

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

CHOP/DDIT3↓, 1, CHOP/DDIT3↑, 1, GRP78/BiP↑, 1, GRP94↑, 1, HSP27↑, 1, HSP70/HSPA5↓, 1, HSP70/HSPA5↑, 1, HSPs↓, 1,

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

Beclin-1/ATG6↓, 1, LC3II↓, 1, MitoP↑, 1,

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 2, p16↓, 1, P53↓, 4, P53↑, 4, PARP↑, 1, cl‑PARP↑, 2,

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1, CDK2↓, 1, CDK5↓, 1, cycA1/CCNA1↓, 1, CycB/CCNB1↓, 1, cycD1/CCND1↓, 1, cycE/CCNE↑, 1, GADD34↓, 1, Ki-67↓, 1, P21↓, 6, P21↑, 6, TumCCA↑, 4,

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

Diff↑, 1, IGF-1↓, 2, IGFBP3↑, 1, Ki-67↓, 1, TumCG↑, 1,

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 5, MMP13↓, 1, MMP3↓, 1, MMP9↓, 2, Rho↓, 1, TGF-β↓, 1, TIMP1↓, 1, α-SMA↓, 1,

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 1, angioG↑, 1, E-sel↓, 1, HIF2a↑, 1, NO↓, 3, NO↑, 1, VEGF↓, 1,

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 3, GLUT2↑, 1, GLUT4↑, 1, MMP↓, 3, MMP↑, 1, MUC5AC↓, 1,

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

CCL11↓, 1, COX1↓, 2, COX2/PTGS2↓, 15, ICAM-1↓, 1, IFN-γ↓, 3, IFN-γ↑, 2, IL1↓, 1, IL10↓, 3, IL17↓, 2, IL1β↓, 7, IL23↓, 1, IL5↓, 1, IL6↓, 10, IL8↓, 3, Imm↓, 1, Imm↑, 2, Inflam↓, 38, Inflam↑, 2, MCP1/CCL2↓, 1, NF-kB↓, 15, NK cell↑, 2, NLRP3↓, 1, PGE2↓, 6, PGE2↑, 1, RAGE↓, 1, SOCS-3↓, 1, Th1 response↓, 1, Th2↑, 2, TLR4↓, 4, TNF-α↓, 13, β-HEX↓, 1,

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

5HT↓, 1, AChE↓, 2, AChE↑, 1, BDNF↓, 1, BDNF↑, 1, GABA↑, 2, MAOA↓, 1, β-Endo↑, 1,

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

AGEs↓, 1, Aβ↓, 3, BACE/β-secretase↓, 2,

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

AHR↓, 1, CYP19↓, 1, FGF21↑, 1, GPER↑, 1, PPARγ↑, 3,

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 17, BioAv↑, 4, BioAv⇅, 1, BioAv↝, 5, CYP1A1↑, 1, CYP1A2↑, 1, Dose↓, 1, Dose↝, 2, eff↑, 2, GSTA1↑, 2, Half-Life↝, 2, Half-Life∅, 1, Synergy↑, 2,

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 7, ALP↓, 2, AST↓, 7, BMD↑, 1, BP↓, 2, BP↝, 1, creat↓, 1, CRP↓, 2, IL6↓, 10, LDH↓, 3, LDH↑, 1, RAGE↓, 1, TC↓, 1, TG/TAG↓, 1,

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiAge↑, 1, antiAll↑, 8, AntiArt↑, 5, AntiCan↑, 5, AntiDiabetic↑, 7, AntiTum↑, 1, cardioP?, 1, cardioP↑, 13, chemoP↑, 5, chemoPv↑, 3, cognitive↑, 4, hepatoP↑, 14, Learn↑, 1, memory↑, 7, neuroP↑, 27, Obesity↓, 3, OS↑, 2, radioP↑, 3, RenoP↑, 3, Risk↓, 1, Stroke↓, 2, toxicity↓, 14, toxicity↑, 1, toxicity↝, 4, toxicity∅, 4,

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

AntiBio↑, 1, AntiP↑, 2, AntiViral↑, 1, Bacteria↓, 7, GutMicro↑, 6, Sepsis↓, 1,

Ingredients & Constituents(tgid=25) ⓘ

Ingr?, 1,
Total Targets: 270

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: P21, P21/CDKN1A

19 Thymoquinone
14 Curcumin
13 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
12 Apigenin (mainly Parsley)
12 Fisetin
9 Silver-NanoParticles
8 EGCG (Epigallocatechin Gallate)
8 Lycopene
8 Quercetin
7 Magnolol
7 Propolis -bee glue
7 Resveratrol
6 Eugenol
6 Phenethyl isothiocyanate
5 Berberine
5 Indole-3-carbinol
5 Emodin
5 phytic acid, Inositol hexakisphosphate
5 Luteolin
5 Phenylbutyrate
5 Piperlongumine
5 Urolithin
4 Gemcitabine (Gemzar)
4 Allicin (mainly Garlic)
4 Cisplatin
4 Biochanin A
4 Beta-Caryophyllene
4 Boswellia (frankincense)
4 Cucurbitacin
4 Ursolic acid
4 Ellagic acid
4 Diindolylmethane
4 Gallic acid
4 Honokiol
4 Morin
4 Shikonin
3 Allyl isothiocyanate
3 Baicalein
3 Benzyl isothiocyanate
3 Capsaicin
3 Cynara scolymus/Globe Artichoke/Artichoke Extract
3 Ferulic acid
3 Isoliquiritigenin
3 Licochalcone A
3 Magnetic Fields
3 Melatonin
3 Naringin
3 Patchouli Oil (Pogostemon cablin)
3 salinomycin
3 Silymarin (Milk Thistle) silibinin
3 Zyflamend
2 Alpha-Lipoic-Acid
2 Anethole/trans-Anethole
2 Ashwagandha(Withaferin A)
2 Astaxanthin
2 Berbamine
2 Betulinic acid
2 Caffeic acid
2 Carnosic acid
2 Carvacrol
2 Thymol-Thymus vulgaris
2 Chlorogenic acid
2 chaetocin
2 Crocetin
2 diet Methionine-Restricted Diet
2 Fenbendazole
2 Garcinol
2 Genistein (soy isoflavone)
2 HydroxyTyrosol
2 Kaempferol
2 lambertianic acid
2 Linalool
2 mebendazole
2 doxorubicin
2 Oleuropein
2 Marjoram (Origanum majorana)
2 Phycocyanin
2 Plumbagin
2 Rosmarinic acid
1 3-bromopyruvate
1 5-fluorouracil
1 Coenzyme Q10
1 Astragalus
1 Camptothecin
1 Acetyl-l-carnitine
1 Andrographis
1 Fennel Oil/Foeniculum vulgare
1 Artemisinin
1 Atorvastatin
1 epirubicin
1 Bufalin/Huachansu
1 Boron
1 brusatol
1 Bruteridin(bergamot juice)
1 Centella asiatica / Gotu kola → asiaticoside
1 Chrysin
1 Dihydrocaffeic Acid
1 Chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris)
1 Spirulina(Arthrospira/Limnospira)
1 D-limonene
1 Docetaxel
1 Dandelion Root
1 Butyrate
1 Cinnamon
1 Formononetin
1 Flaxseed/Linseed
1 SDG/lignans
1 Gambogic Acid
1 Ginger/6-Shogaol/Gingerol
1 Grapeseed extract
1 Hydroxycinnamic-acid
1 Hibiscus sabdariffa
1 Inositol
1 Isorhamnetin
1 isoorientin
1 Isothiocyanates
1 Juglone
1 Lactobacillus
1 Lactoferrin/Talactoferrin
1 Matrine
1 Dordaviprone; Modeyso
1 MCT, metronomic chemo
1 methylseleninic acid
1 Magnetic Field Rotating
1 Moringin
1 Lemon Balm/Melissa officinalis
1 Moringa oleifera
1 Methylsulfonylmethane
1 Radiotherapy/Radiation
1 Nimbolide
1 Rutin
1 buckwheat sprouts
1 acetazolamide
1 Aflavin-3,3′-digallate
1 Oxaliplatin
1 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
1 Magnesium

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:234  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

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