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| Cytochrome c ** The term "release of cytochrome c" ** an increase in level for the cytosol. Small hemeprotein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion where it plays a critical role in cellular respiration. Cytochrome c is highly water-soluble, unlike other cytochromes. It is capable of undergoing oxidation and reduction as its iron atom converts between the ferrous and ferric forms, but does not bind oxygen. It also plays a major role in cell apoptosis. The term "release of cytochrome c" refers to a critical step in the process of programmed cell death, also known as apoptosis. In its new location—the cytosol—cytochrome c participates in the apoptotic signaling pathway by helping to form the apoptosome, which activates caspases that execute cell death. Cytochrome c is a small protein normally located in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Its primary role in healthy cells is to participate in the electron transport chain, a process that helps produce energy (ATP) through oxidative phosphorylation. Mitochondrial outer membrane permeability leads to the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytosol. The release of cytochrome c is a pivotal event in apoptosis where cytochrome c moves from the mitochondria to the cytosol, initiating a chain reaction that leads to programmed cell death. On the one hand, cytochrome c can promote cancer cell survival and proliferation by regulating the activity of various signaling pathways, such as the PI3K/AKT pathway. This can lead to increased cell growth and resistance to apoptosis, which are hallmarks of cancer. On the other hand, cytochrome c can also induce apoptosis in cancer cells by interacting with other proteins, such as Apaf-1 and caspase-9. This can lead to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway, which can result in the death of cancer cells. Overexpressed in Breast, Lung, Colon, and Prostrate. Underexpressed in Ovarian, and Pancreatic. |
| 8911- | MO, | Anticancer Potential of Moringa Oleifera in Lung Cancer: A Mini Review of In vitro and In vivo Evidence |
| - | Review, | Lung, | NA |
| 8898- | MOR, | Molecular mechanism of anti-cancerous potential of Morin extracted from mulberry in Hela cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 8871- | MOR, | MGF, | Mangiferin and Morin Attenuate Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Neurocytotoxicity, Induced by Amyloid Beta Oligomers |
| - | in-vitro, | AD, | NA |
| 8862- | MOR, | The flavonoid morin from Moraceae induces apoptosis by modulation of Bcl-2 family members and Fas receptor in HCT 116 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 |
| 8880- | MOR, | Morin, a Natural Flavonoid, Activates the PINK1/Parkin Pathway to Induce Mitophagy, Promote Apoptosis, and Suppress Cancer Stemness in Pancreatic Cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | NA |
| 8779- | MSM, | Effect of Methylsulfonylmethane on Proliferation and Apoptosis of A549 Lung Cancer Cells Through G2/M Cell-cycle Arrest and Intrinsic Cell Death Pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 |
| 8774- | MSM, | Methylsulfonylmethane Induces G1 Arrest and Mitochondrial Apoptosis in YD-38 Gingival Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | YD-38 |
| 8803- | MT/VAE, | Mistletoe lectin activates caspase-8/FLICE independently of death receptor signaling and enhances anticancer drug-induced apoptosis |
| - | in-vitro, | Var, | NA |
| 6491- | Nimb, | Nanodelivery and anticancer effect of a limonoid, nimbolide, in breast and pancreatic cancer cells |
| - | Review, | PC, | NA |
| 6490- | Nimb, | Nimbolide, a neem limonoid inhibits cytoprotective autophagy to activate apoptosis via modulation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signalling pathway in oral cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | SCC4 |
| 6487- | Nimb, | Anticancer properties of nimbolide and pharmacokinetic considerations to accelerate its development |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 946- | Nimb, | Nimbolide retards T cell lymphoma progression by altering apoptosis, glucose metabolism, pH regulation, and ROS homeostasis |
| - | in-vivo, | Var, | NA |
| 2077- | PB, | Butyrate induces ROS-mediated apoptosis by modulating miR-22/SIRT-1 pathway in hepatic cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HUH7 |
| 2028- | PB, | Potential of Phenylbutyrate as Adjuvant Chemotherapy: An Overview of Cellular and Molecular Anticancer Mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1668- | PBG, | Propolis: A Detailed Insight of Its Anticancer Molecular Mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1682- | PBG, | Honey, Propolis, and Royal Jelly: A Comprehensive Review of Their Biological Actions and Health Benefits |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1664- | PBG, | Anticancer Activity of Propolis and Its Compounds |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | DU145 |
| 4947- | PEITC, | Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells through G0/G1 Phase Arrest and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | HSC3 |
| 4950- | PEITC, | Phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced apoptosis in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells is mediated by reactive oxygen species-dependent disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 4922- | PEITC, | Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: A comprehensive review of anti-cancer mechanisms |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4923- | PEITC, | Quantitative chemical proteomics reveals that phenethyl isothiocyanate covalently targets BID to promote apoptosis |
| - | Study, | Var, | NA |
| - | Trial, | Oral, | NA |
| 4918- | PEITC, | Nutritional Sources and Anticancer Potential of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4940- | PEITC, | Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells through G 0/G 1 Phase Arrest and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | HSC3 |
| 4942- | PEITC, | Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) Inhibits the Growth of Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells through G(0)/G(1) Phase Arrest and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptotic Cell Death |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | HSC3 |
| 3587- | PI, | Piperine: A review of its biological effects |
| - | Review, | Park, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 5208- | PI, | Piperine Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis of Human Gastric Cancer Cells by Downregulating Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)/Akt Pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | SNU16 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | GES-1 |
| 2995- | PL, | Piperlongumine overcomes osimertinib resistance via governing ubiquitination-modulated Sp1 turnover |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | H1975 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | PC9 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 2946- | PL, | Piperlongumine, a potent anticancer phytotherapeutic: Perspectives on contemporary status and future possibilities as an anticancer agent |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 2005- | PLB, | Plumbagin induces apoptosis in lymphoma cells via oxidative stress mediated glutathionylation and inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKP1/2) |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | EL4 | - | in-vitro, | AML, | Jurkat |
| 5158- | PLB, | Plumbagin induces reactive oxygen species, which mediate apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | ME-180 |
| 3930- | PTS, | A Review of Pterostilbene Antioxidant Activity and Disease Modification |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | adrenal, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
| 4827- | QC, | CUR, | Synthetic Pathways and the Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin and Curcumin |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3353- | QC, | Quercetin triggers cell apoptosis-associated ROS-mediated cell death and induces S and G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest in KON oral cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Oral, | KON | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | MRC-5 |
| 3350- | QC, | Quercetin and the mitochondria: A mechanistic view |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3343- | QC, | Quercetin, a Flavonoid with Great Pharmacological Capacity |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Arthritis, | NA |
| 3368- | QC, | The potential anti-cancer effects of quercetin on blood, prostate and lung cancers: An update |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3369- | QC, | Pharmacological basis and new insights of quercetin action in respect to its anti-cancer effects |
| - | Review, | Pca, | NA |
| 3372- | QC, | FIS, | KAE, | Anticancer Potential of Selected Flavonols: Fisetin, Kaempferol, and Quercetin on Head and Neck Cancers |
| - | Review, | HNSCC, | NA |
| 3374- | QC, | Therapeutic effects of quercetin in oral cancer therapy: a systematic review of preclinical evidence focused on oxidative damage, apoptosis and anti-metastasis |
| - | Review, | Oral, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA |
| 55- | QC, | Quercetin inhibits the growth of human gastric cancer stem cells by inducing mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis through the inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | GCSCs |
| 64- | QC, | Quercetin enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in colon cancer cells by inducing the accumulation of death receptors in lipid rafts |
| - | in-vitro, | Colon, | HT-29 | - | in-vitro, | Colon, | SW-620 | - | in-vitro, | Colon, | Caco-2 |
| 71- | QC, | Role of Bax in quercetin-induced apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | LNCaP | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PrEC | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | YPEN-1 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | HCT116 |
| 86- | QC, | PacT, | Quercetin regulates insulin like growth factor signaling and induces intrinsic and extrinsic pathway mediated apoptosis in androgen independent prostate cancer cells (PC-3) |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Pca, | PC3 |
| 2329- | RES, | Resveratrol induces apoptosis in human melanoma cell through negatively regulating Erk/PKM2/Bcl-2 axis |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | A375 |
| 2566- | RES, | A comprehensive review on the neuroprotective potential of resveratrol in ischemic stroke |
| - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
| 3078- | RES, | The Effects of Resveratrol on Prostate Cancer through Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment |
| - | Review, | Pca, | NA |
| 3061- | RES, | The Anticancer Effects of Resveratrol: Modulation of Transcription Factors |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 3067- | RES, | Proteomic Profiling Reveals That Resveratrol Inhibits HSP27 Expression and Sensitizes Breast Cancer Cells to Doxorubicin Therapy |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF7 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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