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H2O2 is a reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can induce oxidative stress in cells. While low levels of ROS can promote cell signaling and proliferation, high levels can lead to DNA damage, apoptosis (programmed cell death), and other cellular dysfunctions. This dual role means that H2O2 can contribute to cancer development and progression, as oxidative stress can lead to mutations and genomic instability. H2O2 can enhance the effectiveness of certain chemotherapeutic agents by increasing oxidative stress in cancer cells. Additionally, localized delivery of H2O2 has been explored as a means to selectively target and kill cancer cells while sparing normal cells. Cancer cells often exhibit altered metabolism, leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species, including H2O2. This can result from enhanced mitochondrial activity, increased glycolysis, or other metabolic adaptations that are characteristic of cancer. Reported H2O2 concentrations for representative compounds.
Note: many products at lower concentrations act as antioxidants, instead of Prooxidants. Generally, increased hydrogen peroxide and oxidative stress are associated with poor outcomes, while the specific context and cellular environment can modulate its effects. |
1340- | 3BP,  |   | Safety and outcome of treatment of metastatic melanoma using 3-bromopyruvate: a concise literature review and case study |
- | Review, | NA, | NA |
252- | Ajoene,  |   | Ajoene, a Compound of Garlic, Induces Apoptosis in Human Promyeloleukemic Cells, Accompanied by Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Activation of Nuclear Factor κB |
- | in-vitro, | AML, | HL-60 |
281- | ALA,  |   | Reactive oxygen species mediate caspase activation and apoptosis induced by lipoic acid in human lung epithelial cancer cells through Bcl-2 down-regulation |
- | in-vitro, | Lung, | H460 |
3539- | ALA,  |   | Alpha-lipoic acid as a dietary supplement: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential |
- | Review, | AD, | NA |
3540- | ALA,  |   | Thioctic (lipoic) acid: a therapeutic metal-chelating antioxidant? |
- | in-vitro, | NA, | NA |
2606- | Ba,  |   | Baicalein: A review of its anti-cancer effects and mechanisms in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
- | Review, | HCC, | NA |
1526- | Ba,  |   | Baicalein induces apoptosis through ROS-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction pathway in HL-60 cells |
- | in-vitro, | AML, | HL-60 |
603- | Catechins,  |   | Catechins induce oxidative damage to cellular and isolated DNA through the generation of reactive oxygen species |
- | in-vitro, | NA, | HL-60 |
2806- | CHr,  | Se,  |   | Selenium-containing chrysin and quercetin derivatives: attractive scaffolds for cancer therapy |
- | in-vitro, | Var, | NA |
1585- | Citrate,  |   | Sodium citrate targeting Ca2+/CAMKK2 pathway exhibits anti-tumor activity through inducing apoptosis and ferroptosis in ovarian cancer |
- | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | SKOV3 | - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | A2780S | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HEK293 |
1596- | Cu,  | CDT,  |   | Unveiling the promising anticancer effect of copper-based compounds: a comprehensive review |
- | Review, | NA, | NA |
1602- | Cu,  |   | A simultaneously GSH-depleted bimetallic Cu(ii) complex for enhanced chemodynamic cancer therapy† |
- | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | 4T1 | - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
- | Review, | AD, | NA |
1889- | DCA,  |   | A mitochondria-K+ channel axis is suppressed in cancer and its normalization promotes apoptosis and inhibits cancer growth |
- | Review, | Var, | NA |
1846- | dietFMD,  | VitC,  |   | A fasting-mimicking diet and vitamin C: turning anti-aging strategies against cancer |
- | Study, | Var, | NA |
- | in-vitro, | Nor, | HEK293 |
20- | EGCG,  |   | Potential Therapeutic Targets of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), the Most Abundant Catechin in Green Tea, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer |
- | in-vivo, | Liver, | NA | - | in-vivo, | Tong, | NA |
643- | EGCG,  |   | New insights into the mechanisms of polyphenols beyond antioxidant properties; lessons from the green tea polyphenol, epigallocatechin 3-gallate |
- | Analysis, | NA, | NA |
642- | EGCG,  |   | Prooxidant Effects of Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate in Health Benefits and Potential Adverse Effect |
641- | EGCG,  | Se,  |   | Antioxidant effects of green tea |
2309- | EGCG,  | Chemo,  |   | Targeting Glycolysis with Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Enhances the Efficacy of Chemotherapeutics in Pancreatic Cancer Cells and Xenografts |
- | in-vitro, | PC, | MIA PaCa-2 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HPNE | - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
2514- | H2,  |   | Hydrogen: A Novel Option in Human Disease Treatment |
- | Review, | NA, | NA |
1918- | JG,  |   | ROS -mediated p53 activation by juglone enhances apoptosis and autophagy in vivo and in vitro |
- | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
2910- | LT,  | FA,  |   | Folic acid-modified ROS-responsive nanoparticles encapsulating luteolin for targeted breast cancer treatment |
- | in-vitro, | BC, | 4T1 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
3528- | Lyco,  |   | The Importance of Antioxidant Activity for the Health-Promoting Effect of Lycopene |
- | Review, | Nor, | NA | - | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Park, | NA |
972- | MAG,  |   | Magnolol suppresses hypoxia-induced angiogenesis via inhibition of HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathway in human bladder cancer cells |
- | vitro+vivo, | Bladder, | T24 |
1899- | MeJa,  |   | Methyl jasmonate induces production of reactive oxygen species and alterations in mitochondrial dynamics that precede photosynthetic dysfunction and subsequent cell death |
- | in-vitro, | NA, | NA |
3457- | MF,  |   | Cellular stress response to extremely low‐frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF‐EMF): An explanation for controversial effects of ELF‐EMF on apoptosis |
- | Review, | Var, | NA |
- | in-vitro, | AML, | THP1 | - | in-vitro, | NA, | PC12 | - | in-vivo, | Cerv, | HeLa |
184- | MFrot,  |   | Rotating Magnetic Fields Inhibit Mitochondrial Respiration, Promote Oxidative Stress and Produce Loss of Mitochondrial Integrity in Cancer Cells |
- | in-vitro, | GBM, | GBM |
2259- | MFrot,  |   | Method and apparatus for oncomagnetic treatment |
- | in-vitro, | GBM, | NA |
2957- | PL,  |   | Piperlongumine Induces Cell Cycle Arrest via Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation and IKKβ Suppression in Human Breast Cancer Cells |
- | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 |
2941- | PL,  |   | Selective killing of cancer cells by a small molecule targeting the stress response to ROS |
- | in-vivo, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | OS, | U2OS | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-453 |
1953- | PL,  |   | Designing piperlongumine-directed anticancer agents by an electrophilicity-based prooxidant strategy: A mechanistic investigation |
- | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | WI38 |
68- | QC,  | BaP,  |   | Differential protein expression of peroxiredoxin I and II by benzo(a)pyrene and quercetin treatment in 22Rv1 and PrEC prostate cell lines |
- | in-vitro, | Pca, | 22Rv1 | - | in-vitro, | Pca, | PrEC |
910- | QC,  |   | The Anti-Cancer Effect of Quercetin: Molecular Implications in Cancer Metabolism |
904- | QC,  |   | Antioxidant and prooxidant effects of quercetin on glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
- | Analysis, | NA, | NA |
3341- | QC,  |   | Antioxidant Activities of Quercetin and Its Complexes for Medicinal Application |
- | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
2566- | RES,  |   | A comprehensive review on the neuroprotective potential of resveratrol in ischemic stroke |
- | Review, | Stroke, | NA |
3071- | RES,  |   | Resveratrol and Its Anticancer Effects |
- | Review, | Var, | NA |
3014- | RosA,  |   | Rosmarinic Acid Supplementation Acts as an Effective Antioxidant for Restoring the Antioxidation/Oxidation Balance in Wistar Rats with Cadmium-Induced Toxicity |
- | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
1744- | RosA,  |   | Therapeutic Applications of Rosmarinic Acid in Cancer-Chemotherapy-Associated Resistance and Toxicity |
- | Review, | Var, | NA |
2410- | SIL,  |   | Autophagy activated by silibinin contributes to glioma cell death via induction of oxidative stress-mediated BNIP3-dependent nuclear translocation of AIF |
- | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U251 | - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
2362- | SK,  |   | RIP1 and RIP3 contribute to shikonin-induced glycolysis suppression in glioma cells via increase of intracellular hydrogen peroxide |
- | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vivo, | GBM, | NA | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U251 |
2202- | SK,  |   | Enhancing Tumor Therapy of Fe(III)-Shikonin Supramolecular Nanomedicine via Triple Ferroptosis Amplification |
- | in-vitro, | Var, | NA |
353- | SNP,  |   | The mechanism of cell death induced by silver nanoparticles is distinct from silver cations |
- | in-vitro, | BC, | SUM159 |
398- | SNP,  |   | Silver nanoparticles induced testicular damage targeting NQO1 and APE1 dysregulation, apoptosis via Bax/Bcl-2 pathway, fibrosis via TGF-β/α-SMA upregulation in rats |
- | in-vivo, | Testi, | NA |
2106- | TQ,  |   | Cancer: Thymoquinone antioxidant/pro-oxidant effect as potential anticancer remedy |
- | Review, | Var, | NA |
3399- | TQ,  |   | Anticancer Effects of Thymoquinone through the Antioxidant Activity, Upregulation of Nrf2, and Downregulation of PD-L1 in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells |
- | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | NA, | BC, | MDA-MB-468 |
3554- | TQ,  |   | Neuroprotective efficacy of thymoquinone against amyloid beta-induced neurotoxicity in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cholinergic neurons |
- | in-vitro, | AD, | NA |
3559- | TQ,  |   | Molecular signaling pathway targeted therapeutic potential of thymoquinone in Alzheimer’s disease |
- | Review, | AD, | NA | - | Review, | Var, | NA |
- | Review, | Var, | NA |
622- | VitC,  |   | Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer with Pharmacological Ascorbate |
- | vitro+vivo, | PC, | NA |
626- | VitC,  |   | Systematic Review of Intravenous Ascorbate in Cancer Clinical Trials |
- | Review, | NA, | NA |
630- | VitC,  |   | Metabolomic alterations in human cancer cells by vitamin C-induced oxidative stress |
- | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | HT-29 |
596- | VitC,  |   | High-Dose Vitamin C in Advanced-Stage Cancer Patients |
- | Review, | NA, | NA |
597- | VitC,  | STF,  | GlucDep,  |   | The Result of Vitamin C Treatment of Patients with Cancer: Conditions Influencing the Effectiveness |
598- | VitC,  |   | Ascorbic Acid in Cancer Treatment: Let the Phoenix Fly |
- | Review, | NA, | NA |
599- | VitC,  |   | Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide in Cancer Cells: Advancing Therapeutic Approaches for Cancer Treatment |
- | Review, | NA, | NA |
606- | VitC,  |   | Understanding the Therapeutic Potential of Ascorbic Acid in the Battle to Overcome Cancer |
- | Review, | NA, | NA |
610- | VitC,  |   | Pharmacologic ascorbic acid concentrations selectively kill cancer cells: Action as a pro-drug to deliver hydrogen peroxide to tissues |
- | in-vitro, | lymphoma, | JPL119 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | HS587T | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | NA |
613- | VitC,  |   | High-dose Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Therapy in the Treatment of Patients with Advanced Cancer |
- | Review, | NA, | NA |
1832- | VitK3,  | VitC,  |   | Vitamin K3 and vitamin C alone or in combination induced apoptosis in leukemia cells by a similar oxidative stress signalling mechanism |
- | in-vitro, | AML, | K562 |
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