Database Query Results : Juglone, ,

JG, Juglone: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Found in roots, leaves, nut-hulls, bark and wood of walnut trees.
Juglone (5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone)
Juglans nigra refers to the black walnut tree, which is one of the most well-known sources of juglone
-Research has focused on the hulls (the green outer covering of the walnut) because they have the highest concentrations.
-Fresh hulls can contain juglone levels in the range of approximately 1–5% of the dry weight

-Juglone can redox cycle to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS).
-Increasing Bax, decreasing Bcl‑2, caspase activation, and MMP depolarization.
-Modulation of MAPK pathways (including ERK, JNK, and p38)
-May inhibit NF‑κB signaling
-Cause DNA damage or stress that, in turn, leads to p53 pathway activation— Pin1 Inhibition
–Pin1, a peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, is frequently overexpressed in cancer.

-ic50 maybe 5-10uM
-For matching 5uM, crude estimate is 5mg consumption of juglone required which might be 1.5 g of black walnut hull material

Rank Pathway / Target Axis Direction Primary Effect Notes / Cancer Relevance Ref
1 Redox cycling (quinone–semiquinone system) ↑↑ ROS Oxidative stress overload Juglone can act as a redox-cycling quinone; ROS elevation is a dominant upstream driver in multiple cancer models (ref)
2 Thiol buffering (GSH depletion) ↓ GSH Loss of redox buffering In HL-60 leukemia cells, juglone induces ROS and explicitly depletes GSH; antioxidants block downstream apoptosis markers (ref)
3 Mitochondrial integrity (ΔΨm) ↓ ΔΨm Mitochondrial dysfunction In LNCaP prostate cancer cells, juglone decreases mitochondrial potential (ΔΨ) during intrinsic apoptosis (ref)
4 Intrinsic apoptosis (Caspase-9 → Caspase-3) ↑ Caspase-9/3 activation Programmed cell death Same LNCaP evidence base: intrinsic apoptosis with activation of caspases 3 and 9 is reported for juglone (ref)
5 DNA damage / genotoxic stress ↑ DNA damage Checkpoint activation and death signaling Juglone is reported to have genotoxic effects (DNA damage) in melanoma models, consistent with ROS-driven injury (ref)
6 p53 stress response ↑ p53 pathway (activation) Cell-cycle arrest / apoptosis cooperation Human liver cancer model: juglone drives apoptosis and autophagy via a ROS-mediated p53 pathway (in vitro and in vivo) (ref)
7 MAPK stress pathways (JNK / p38) ↑ JNK / ↑ p38 Pro-death stress signaling Mechanistic synthesis notes juglone induces ROS and activates JNK and p38 MAPK, contributing to cell death signaling (ref)
8 NF-κB signaling ↓ NF-κB Reduced pro-survival transcription Literature reports juglone inhibits NF-κB production/signaling in colonic cancer cell contexts (noted as prior work) (ref)
9 PI3K–AKT survival pathway ↓ PI3K / ↓ p-AKT Survival pathway suppression NSCLC: juglone increases ROS and inhibits PI3K/Akt signaling; NAC (ROS scavenger) attenuates apoptosis and pathway changes (ref)
10 Cell cycle control ↑ arrest Proliferation blockade NSCLC: juglone arrests the cell cycle alongside ROS rise and apoptosis marker changes (ref)
11 Autophagy ↑ autophagy (stress-associated) Stress adaptation / death crosstalk Juglone induces both apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells via MAPK pathway modulation (with ROS-MAPK coupling) (ref)
12 Angiogenesis signaling (VEGF) ↓ VEGF Reduced vascular support Pancreatic cancer cell lines: juglone reduces VEGF gene expression (and other metastasis/angiogenesis-related genes) at sub-IC50 exposure (ref)


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1926- JG,    Mechanism of juglone-induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by the mitochondrial pathway
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
"highlight2" >TumCG↓, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >MMP↓, "highlight2" >i-Ca+2↑, "highlight2" >BAX↑, "highlight2" >Bcl-2↓, "highlight2" >Cyt‑c↑, "highlight2" >Casp3?,
5120- JG,    Juglone can inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis in pancreatic cancer cells by targeting Wnt/β-catenin signaling
- in-vitro, PC, NA
"highlight2" >angioG↓, "highlight2" >Wnt↓, "highlight2" >VEGF↓,
5119- JG,    Juglone Suppresses Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Colitis Mice
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
"highlight2" >*antiOx↑, "highlight2" >*OS↑, "highlight2" >*IL6↓, "highlight2" >*IL12↓, "highlight2" >*IL23↓, "highlight2" >*TNF-α↓, "highlight2" >*Inflam↓, "highlight2" >*NF-kB↓, "highlight2" >*NFE2L2↓, "highlight2" >*ROS↓,
5118- JG,    Juglone induces apoptosis and autophagy via modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
- in-vitro, HCC, HepG2
"highlight2" >m-ROS↑, "highlight2" >DNAdam↑, "highlight2" >Apoptosis↑, "highlight2" >TumAuto↑, "highlight2" >p38↑, "highlight2" >MAPK↑, "highlight2" >JNK↑, "highlight2" >MMP↓, "highlight2" >LC3II↑, "highlight2" >Beclin-1↑,
5117- JG,    https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31283929/
- vitro+vivo, Liver, NA
"highlight2" >TumCG↓, "highlight2" >TumCP↓, "highlight2" >Apoptosis↑, "highlight2" >TumAuto↑, "highlight2" >AMPK↑, "highlight2" >mTOR↑, "highlight2" >P53↑, "highlight2" >H2O2↑, "highlight2" >ROS↑,
5116- JG,    Juglone, a naphthoquinone from walnut, exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects against cultured melanoma tumor cells
- in-vitro, Melanoma, B16-BL6
"highlight2" >GSH↓, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >chemoPv↑,
5115- JG,    Natural Products to Fight Cancer: A Focus on Juglans regia
- Review, Var, NA
"highlight2" >Casp3↑, "highlight2" >Casp9↑, "highlight2" >MMP↓, "highlight2" >AR↓, "highlight2" >PSA↓, "highlight2" >E-cadherin↑, "highlight2" >N-cadherin↓, "highlight2" >Vim↓, "highlight2" >Akt↓, "highlight2" >GSK‐3β↓, "highlight2" >EMT↑, "highlight2" >TumCI↓, "highlight2" >MMP9↓, "highlight2" >VEGF↓, "highlight2" >MMP2↓, "highlight2" >TumCCA↑, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >Apoptosis↑, "highlight2" >GSH↓, "highlight2" >Catalase↓, "highlight2" >SOD↓, "highlight2" >GPx↓, "highlight2" >DNAdam↑, "highlight2" >γH2AX↑, "highlight2" >eff↑, "highlight2" >BAX↑, "highlight2" >Fas↑, "highlight2" >Pin1↓,
5114- JG,    Juglone, from Juglans mandshruica Maxim, inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human leukemia cell HL-60 through a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism
- in-vitro, AML, HL-60
"highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >GSH↓, "highlight2" >eff↓, "highlight2" >cl‑PARP↑, "highlight2" >proCasp3↑, "highlight2" >proCasp9↑, "highlight2" >MMP↓, "highlight2" >Cyt‑c↑, "highlight2" >Diablo↑,
5113- JG,    Juglone in Oxidative Stress and Cell Signaling
- Review, Var, NA - Review, AD, NA
"highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >Pin1↓, "highlight2" >antiOx⇅, "highlight2" >*ROS↓, "highlight2" >SMAD2↓, "highlight2" >GSH↓, "highlight2" >lipid-P↑, "highlight2" >TumCCA↓, "highlight2" >BAX↑, "highlight2" >Bcl-2↓, "highlight2" >Casp3↑, "highlight2" >Casp9↑, "highlight2" >Ca+2↑, "highlight2" >Cyt‑c↑, "highlight2" >AntiFungal↑, "highlight2" >Bacteria↓, "highlight2" >Akt↓,
5099- JG,    Juglone induces ferroptosis in glioblastoma cells by inhibiting the Nrf2-GPX4 axis through the phosphorylation of p38MAPK
- vitro+vivo, GBM, LN229 - vitro+vivo, GBM, T98G
"highlight2" >Ferroptosis↑, "highlight2" >p‑MAPK↑, "highlight2" >NRF2↓, "highlight2" >GPx4↓, "highlight2" >TumPF↓, "highlight2" >Apoptosis↑, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >GSH↓, "highlight2" >lipid-P↑, "highlight2" >Ki-67↓, "highlight2" >TumCG↓,
5098- JG,    Effects of Juglone on Antioxidant Status in Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines
- in-vitro, PC, Bxpc-3 - in-vitro, PC, PANC1
"highlight2" >tumCV↓, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >GSH⇅,
1927- JG,    Juglone-induced apoptosis in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells via the mitochondrial pathway
- in-vitro, GC, SGC-7901
"highlight2" >Apoptosis↑, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >Bcl-2↓, "highlight2" >BAX↑, "highlight2" >MMP↓, "highlight2" >Cyt‑c↑, "highlight2" >Casp3?, "highlight2" >Bax:Bcl2↑,
974- JG,    Juglone down-regulates the Akt-HIF-1α and VEGF signaling pathways and inhibits angiogenesis in MIA Paca-2 pancreatic cancer in vitro
- in-vitro, PC, MIA PaCa-2
"highlight2" >Hif1a↓, "highlight2" >VEGF↓, "highlight2" >p‑Akt↓, "highlight2" >TumCP↓, "highlight2" >TumCI↓,
1925- JG,    Redox regulation of mitochondrial functional activity by quinones
- in-vitro, NA, NA
"highlight2" >other↓, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >MMP↓, "highlight2" >eff↝,
1924- JG,    Juglone triggers apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer through the reactive oxygen species -mediated PI3K/Akt pathway
- in-vitro, Lung, A549
"highlight2" >TumCMig↓, "highlight2" >TumCI↓, "highlight2" >TumCCA↑, "highlight2" >Apoptosis↑, "highlight2" >cl‑Casp3↑, "highlight2" >BAX↑, "highlight2" >Cyt‑c↑, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >MDA↑, "highlight2" >GPx4↓, "highlight2" >SOD↓, "highlight2" >PI3K↓, "highlight2" >Akt↓, "highlight2" >eff↓,
1923- JG,    Mechanism of Juglone-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Ishikawa Human Endometrial Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, Endo, NA
"highlight2" >TumCP↓, "highlight2" >TumCCA↑, "highlight2" >cycA1/CCNA1↓, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >P21↑, "highlight2" >CDK2↓, "highlight2" >CDK1↓, "highlight2" >CDC25↓, "highlight2" >Bcl-2↓, "highlight2" >Bcl-xL↓, "highlight2" >BAX↑, "highlight2" >BAD↑, "highlight2" >Cyt‑c↑,
1922- JG,    Juglone induces apoptosis of tumor stem-like cells through ROS-p38 pathway in glioblastoma
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG
"highlight2" >tumCV↓, "highlight2" >TumCP↓, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >p‑p38↑, "highlight2" >eff↓, "highlight2" >Apoptosis↑, "highlight2" >OS↑,
1921- JG,    Juglone induces ferroptotic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma and pan-cancer via the FOSL1-HMOX1 axis
- in-vitro, PC, NA - vitro+vivo, PC, NA
"highlight2" >TumCG↓, "highlight2" >Ferroptosis↑, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >Iron↑, "highlight2" >lipid-P↑, "highlight2" >MDA↑, "highlight2" >GSH↓, "highlight2" >FOSL1↑, "highlight2" >HO-1↑,
1920- JG,  TQ,  PLB,    Natural quinones induce ROS-mediated apoptosis and inhibit cell migration in PANC-1 human pancreatic cancer cell line
- in-vitro, PC, PANC1
"highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >TumCMig↓, "highlight2" >MMP9↓,
1919- JG,    The Anti-Glioma Effect of Juglone Derivatives through ROS Generation
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, GBM, U251
"highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >Apoptosis↑, "highlight2" >eff↓, "highlight2" >eff↓,
1918- JG,    ROS -mediated p53 activation by juglone enhances apoptosis and autophagy in vivo and in vitro
- in-vitro, Liver, HepG2 - in-vivo, NA, NA
"highlight2" >TumCG↓, "highlight2" >TumCP↓, "highlight2" >Apoptosis↑, "highlight2" >TumAuto↑, "highlight2" >AMPK↑, "highlight2" >mTOR↑, "highlight2" >P53↑, "highlight2" >H2O2↑, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >toxicity↝, "highlight2" >p62↓, "highlight2" >DR5↑, "highlight2" >Casp8↑, "highlight2" >PARP↑, "highlight2" >cl‑Casp3↑,
1917- JG,    Inhibition of human leukemia cells growth by juglone is mediated via autophagy induction, endogenous ROS production, and inhibition of cell migration and invasion
- in-vitro, AML, HL-60
"highlight2" >selectivity↑, "highlight2" >LC3I↑, "highlight2" >LC3II↑, "highlight2" >Beclin-1↑, "highlight2" >ROS↑, "highlight2" >tumCV↓, "highlight2" >Dose↝, "highlight2" >TumAuto↑,
1121- JG,    Juglone suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer cells via the protein kinase B/glycogen synthase kinase-3β/Snail signaling pathway
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP
"highlight2" >E-cadherin↑, "highlight2" >N-cadherin↓, "highlight2" >Vim↓, "highlight2" >Snail↓, "highlight2" >GSK‐3β↑,

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 23

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx⇅, 1,   Catalase↓, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 2,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx4↓, 2,   GSH↓, 6,   GSH⇅, 1,   H2O2↑, 2,   HO-1↑, 1,   Iron↑, 1,   lipid-P↑, 3,   MDA↑, 2,   NRF2↓, 1,   ROS↑, 18,   m-ROS↑, 1,   SOD↓, 2,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

CDC25↓, 1,   MMP↓, 6,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

AMPK↑, 2,  

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 3,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 9,   BAD↑, 1,   BAX↑, 6,   Bax:Bcl2↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 4,   Bcl-xL↓, 1,   Casp3?, 2,   Casp3↑, 2,   cl‑Casp3↑, 2,   proCasp3↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 2,   proCasp9↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 6,   Diablo↑, 1,   DR5↑, 1,   Fas↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 2,   JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   p‑MAPK↑, 1,   p38↑, 1,   p‑p38↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics ⓘ

other↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 3,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes ⓘ

Beclin-1↑, 2,   LC3I↑, 1,   LC3II↑, 2,   p62↓, 1,   TumAuto↑, 4,  

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 2,   P53↑, 2,   PARP↑, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 1,   γH2AX↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

CDK1↓, 1,   CDK2↓, 1,   cycA1/CCNA1↓, 1,   P21↑, 1,   TumCCA↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 3,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

EMT↑, 1,   FOSL1↑, 1,   GSK‐3β↓, 1,   GSK‐3β↑, 1,   mTOR↑, 2,   PI3K↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 5,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration ⓘ

Ca+2↑, 1,   i-Ca+2↑, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 2,   Ki-67↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 2,   N-cadherin↓, 2,   SMAD2↓, 1,   Snail↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 3,   TumCMig↓, 2,   TumCP↓, 5,   TumPF↓, 1,   Vim↓, 2,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

angioG↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 1,   VEGF↓, 3,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

PSA↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors ⓘ

AR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Dose↝, 1,   eff↓, 5,   eff↑, 1,   eff↝, 1,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

AR↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

chemoPv↑, 1,   OS↑, 1,   Pin1↓, 2,   toxicity↝, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome ⓘ

AntiFungal↑, 1,   Bacteria↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 103

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 1,   NFE2L2↓, 1,   ROS↓, 2,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

IL12↓, 1,   IL23↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

IL6↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

OS↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 11

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

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