| Features: |
| Luteolin a Flavonoid found in celery, parsley, broccoli, onion leaves, carrots, peppers, cabbages, apple skins, and chrysanthemum flowers. -MDR1 expression, MMP-9, IGF-1 and Epithelial to mesenchymal transition. *** ACTIVE WORK IN PROGRESS** -Note half-life 2–3 hours BioAv low, but could be improved with Res, or blend of castor oil, kolliphor and polyethylene glycol Pathways: - induce ROS production in cancer cell but a few reports of reduction. Always seems to reduce ROS in normal cells. - ROS↑ related: MMP↓(ΔΨm), ER Stress↑, UPR↑, GRP78↑, Ca+2↑, Cyt‑c↑, Caspases↑, DNA damage↑, cl-PARP↑, HSP↓ - Lowers AntiOxidant defense in Cancer Cells: NRF2↓, SOD↓, GSH↓ Catalase↓ HO1↓ GPx↓ - Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑, - lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, - inhibit Growth/Metastases : TumMeta↓, TumCG↓, EMT↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TIMP2, IGF-1↓, VEGF↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, CXCR4↓, ERK↓ - reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : HDAC↓, DNMT1↓, DNMT3A↓, EZH2↓, P53↑, HSP↓, - cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, - inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓, TOP1↓, TET1↓, - inhibits glycolysis and ATP depletion : HIF-1α↓, PKM2↓, cMyc↓, LDHA↓, HK2↓, GRP78↑, - inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Notch↓, PDGF↓, EGFR↓, Integrins↓, - Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, TrxR**, - Shown to modulate the nuclear translocation of SREBP-2 (related to cholesterol). - Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective, - Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells |
| Source: |
| Type: |
| Cancer Stem Cells Phytochemicals (natural plant-derived compounds) that may affect CSCs: Curcumin — suppresses self-renewal and pathways (Wnt/Notch/Hedgehog). Resveratrol — shown to reduce CSC populations and sphere formation in multiple models. Sulforaphane (from broccoli sprouts) — reported to inhibit CSC properties and pathways; active in vitro and in vivo. EGCG (epigallocatechin-3-gallate, green tea) — reduces CSC markers and sphere formation in several cancer types. Quercetin — reported to inhibit CSC proliferation, self-renewal and invasiveness (breast, endometrial, others). Berberine — shown to suppress CSC “stemness” and reduce tumorigenic properties in multiple models. Genistein (soy isoflavone) — decreases CSC markers, sphere formation and stemness signaling in prostate/breast/other models. Honokiol (Magnolia bark) — shown to eliminate or suppress CSC-like populations in oral, colon, glioma models. Luteolin — inhibits stemness/EMT and reduces CSC markers and self-renewal in breast, prostate and other models. Withaferin A (from Withania somnifera / ashwagandha) — multiple preclinical reports show WA targets CSCs and reduces tumor growth/metastasis in models. |
| 2589- | LT, | Chemo, | Luteolin Inhibits Breast Cancer Stemness and Enhances Chemosensitivity through the Nrf2-Mediated Pathway |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MDA-MB-231 |
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