Lycopene / BioAv Cancer Research Results

Lyco, Lycopene: Click to Expand ⟱

Features:

Lycopene is a naturally occurring carotenoid found predominantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables.

Antioxidant Properties:
-Lycopene is a powerful antioxidant. It helps neutralize free radicals, which can reduce oxidative stress—a factor implicated in cancer development. Possible concern about interfering with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. However this review disagrees.
Inflammation Reduction:
-Some studies suggest that lycopene may help lower levels of inflammation, another process linked to cancer progression

At supraphysiological or extremely high concentrations, lycopene may have the potential to switch from an antioxidant to a prooxidant role
-The prooxidant effect of lycopene has been observed under conditions of high oxygen tension. In vitro studies have suggested that in environments with elevated oxygen levels, lycopene might promote rather than neutralize the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
-The presence of metal ions (such as iron or copper) in the environment can catalyze reactions where antioxidants, including lycopene, contribute to oxidative processes. These metals can interact with lycopene, potentially leading to the formation of radicals.

The mevalonate pathway produces cholesterol and a variety of isoprenoids, which are important for maintaining cell membrane integrity, protein prenylation, and other essential cellular functions.
-One of the primary enzymes in this pathway is HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase), which is the target of statin drugs used for lowering cholesterol. Some studies suggest that lycopene might downregulate the activity of HMG-CoA reductase or other enzymes in the mevalonate pathway. By doing so, lycopene could potentially reduce the synthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoids that are necessary for rapid cell proliferation—an especially relevant aspect in cancer cells.

Lycopene typically used in a 100mg/day range for cancer (inhibition of the the Melavonate Pathway)
-also has antiplatelet aggregation capability.

-Note half-life 16–20 days.
BioAv Heat processing, especially when combined with a small amount of fat, significantly enhances lycopene’s bioaccessibility and absorption. (20% under optimal conditions)
Pathways:
- ROS usually goes down, but may go up or down depending on dose and environment. Lycopene may also be modified to be a "oxdiative product" which may change the behaviour.
- Raises AntiOxidant defense in Normal Cells: ROS↓, NRF2↑, SOD↑, GSH↑, Catalase↑,
- lowers Inflammation : NF-kB↓, COX2↓, p38↓, Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines : NLRP3↓, IL-1β↓, TNF-α↓, IL-6↓, IL-8↓
- inhibit Growth/Metastases : EMT↓, MMPs↓, MMP9↓, IGF-1↓, uPA↓, VEGF↓, ROCK1↓, FAK↓, RhoA↓, NF-κB↓, ERK↓
- reactivate genes thereby inhibiting cancer cell growth : EZH2↓, P53↑, Sp proteins↓,
- cause Cell cycle arrest : TumCCA↑, cyclin D1↓, cyclin E↓, CDK2↓, CDK4↓,
- inhibits Migration/Invasion : TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, TNF-α↓, FAK↓, ERK↓, EMT↓,
- inhibits angiogenesis↓ : VEGF↓, HIF-1α↓, Integrins↓,
- Others: PI3K↓, AKT↓, JAK↓, STAT↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin↓, AMPK, ERK↓, JNK, - SREBP (related to cholesterol).
- Synergies: chemo-sensitization, chemoProtective, RadioSensitizer, RadioProtective, Others(review target notes), Neuroprotective, Cognitive, Renoprotection, Hepatoprotective, CardioProtective,

- Selectivity: Cancer Cells vs Normal Cells

Rank	Pathway / Axis	Cancer Cells	Normal Cells	Label	Primary Interpretation	Notes
1	Reactive oxygen species (ROS)	↓ ROS	↓ ROS	Driver	Potent antioxidant activity	Lycopene is a strong singlet-oxygen quencher with antioxidant dominance
2	IGF-1 / PI3K → AKT signaling	↓ IGF-1 signaling; ↓ AKT	↔ minimal	Secondary	Growth factor signaling attenuation	Reduced IGF-1–driven proliferation is a key cancer-relevant effect
3	Cell cycle regulation	↑ G0/G1 arrest	↔ spared	Phenotypic	Cytostatic growth control	Cell-cycle effects reflect growth factor modulation
4	Gap junction communication (connexins)	↑ gap junction signaling	↑ gap junction signaling	Secondary	Normalization of cell–cell communication	Enhanced gap junctions are associated with reduced tumor progression
5	NF-κB / inflammatory signaling	↓ inflammatory signaling	↓ inflammatory tone	Secondary	Anti-inflammatory environment	Inflammation reduction contributes to chemopreventive effects

BioAv, bioavailability: Click to Expand ⟱

Source:

Type: measurement

Bioavailability (usually in %) absorbed by the body.

Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱

4782-

Lyco,

New Insights into Molecular Mechanism behind Anti-Cancer Activities of Lycopene

Review,

Var,

AntiCan↑, From an anti-cancer perspective, lycopene is often associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer and people often look for it as a dietary supplement which may help to prevent cancer.
TumCP↓, Lycopene was known to be able to suppress cancerous cell proliferation, migration, invasion and adhesion activity in cell culture studies.
TumCMig↓,
TumCI↓,
TumCA↓,
ROS↓, Such suppression was often observed with changes of cancer-related gene expression and relief of oxidative stress
MMP2↓, In general, lycopene could suppress the expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, Sp1, IGF-1R, VEGF while increasing E-cadherin stabilization, connexin 43, nm23-H1, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 levels
MMP7↓,
MMP9↓,
VEGF↓,
E-cadherin↑,
TIMP1↑,
TIMP2↑,
BioAv↝, it is recommended to avoid consumption of lycopene concurrently with high dietary fiber intake as several types of dietary fiber were found to be able to reduce the bioavailability of lycopene
*IL12↓, lycopene could suppress proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, TNF-α, IL-1, IL-1β, IL-6
*TNF-α↓,
*IL1↓,
*IL1β↓,
*IL6↓,
COX2↓, Sprague Dawley rat model, lycopene treatment after induction by azoxymethane caused suppression of aberrant crypt foci, preneoplastic lesion and biomarkers such as COX-2 and iNOS expression
iNOS↓,
*radioP↑, lycopene before induction of DNA damage via X-irradiation as lycopene treatment after irradiation failed to show such DNA protective effect
NF-kB↓, anti-cancer effect of lycopene was also observed in pancreatic cancer cells (PANC-1 cell line) whereby significant reduction of ROS, NF-κB and anti-apoptotic biomarkers (cIAP1, cIAP2 and survivin) was detected while an increment of caspase-3 and Bax:
survivin↓,
Casp3↑,
Bax:Bcl2↑,

3528-

Lyco,

The Importance of Antioxidant Activity for the Health-Promoting Effect of Lycopene

Review,

Nor,

Review,

AD,

Review,

Park,

*antiOx↑, the antioxidant effect of lycopene
*ROS↓, Lycopene has the ability to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and eliminate singlet oxygen, nitrogen dioxide, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide
*BioAv↝, human body cannot synthesize lycopene. It must be supplied with the diet
*Half-Life↑, half-life of lycopene in human plasma is 12–33 days
*BioAv↓, bioavailability decreases with age and in the case of certain diseases
*BioAv↑, heat treatment process of food increases the bioavailability of lycopene
*cardioP↑, positive effect on cardiovascular diseases, including the regulation of blood lipid levels
*neuroP↑, beneficial effects in nervous system disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson′s disease and Alzheimer′s disease
*H2O2↓, Lycopene has the ability to reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and eliminate singlet oxygen, nitrogen dioxide, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide
*VitC↑, ability to regenerate non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamin C and E.
*VitE↑,
*GPx↑, increase in cardiac GSH-Px activity and an increase in cardiac GSH levels
*GSH↑,
*MPO↓, also a decrease in the level of cardiac myeloperoxidase (MPO), cardiac H2O2, and a decrease in cardiac glutathione S transferase (GSH-ST) activity.
*GSTs↓,
*SOD↑, increasing the activity of GSH-Px and SOD in the liver
*NF-kB↓, reducing the expression of NF-κB mRNA in the heart
*IL1β↓, decreased the level of IL-1β and IL-6 and increased the level of anti-inflammatory IL-10 in the heart
*IL6↓,
*IL10↑,
*MAPK↓, inhibited the activation of the ROS-dependent pro-hypertrophic mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathways.
*Akt↓,
*COX2↓, decrease in the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in heart: COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and an increase in the anti-inflammatory cardiac TGF-β1.
*TNF-α↓,
*TGF-β1↑,
*NO↓, reduced NO levels in heart and cardiac NOS activity
*GSR↑, increase in the level of cardiac and hepatic SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, and glutathione reductase (GR)
*NRF2↑, It also activated nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2). This affected the downstream expression of HO-1 [97].
*HO-1↑,
*TAC↑, Researchers observed an increase in the liver in TAC and GSH levels and an increase in GSH-Px and SOD activity
*Inflam↓, study showed that lycopene was anti-inflammatory
*BBB↑, Lycopene is a lipophilic compound, which makes it easier to penetrate the blood–brain barrier.
*neuroP↑, Lycopene had also a neuroprotective effect by restoring the balance of the NF-κB/Nrf2 pathway.
*memory↑, lycopene on LPS-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in C57BL/6J mice. The tested carotenoid prevented memory loss

4801-

Lyco,

Lycopene in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases

Review,

CardioV,

*BioAv↝, Taking into account the fact that humans are not able to synthesize lycopene de novo, therefore its supply with food is necessary to take advantage of its pro-health properties.
*cardioP↑, protective effect on cardiovascular diseases
*BioAv↑, It is assumed that thanks to the cis form, lycopene is highly bioavailable in the human diet
*BioAv↑, bioavailability of lycopene as a result of its trans to cis isomerization can be achieved by adding fish oil or olive oil to tomato dishes.
*antiOx↑, Antioxidant Effects of Lycopene
*ROS↓, Lycopene is a highly effective antioxidant that, due to the high reactivity between the long polyene chain and free radicals, enables the elimination of singlet oxygen and the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
*ARE↑, activating the antioxidant response element (ARE)
*SOD↑, it increases the amount of antioxidant enzymes, which include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)
*Catalase↑,
*GPx↑,
*lipid-P↓, figure 3
*COX2↓, lycopene (in the form of watermelon powder) reduced inflammation by reducing the activity of the pro-inflammatory mediator cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2),
*Inflam↓, Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism of Lycopene
*IL1β↓, inhibits the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α.
*IL6↓,
*IL8↑,
*TNF-α↓,
*NF-kB↓, inhibition of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)
*BP↓, 15 or 30 mg of lycopene was associated with a significant reduction in systolic BP

4796-

Lyco,

The Anti-proliferation Effects of Lycopene on Breast Cancer Cells

in-vitro,

BC,

MCF-7

 0,2,4,6,8 and 10 μM lycopene media solution prepared from 2 mM stock solution of pure crystalline lycopene in tetrahydrofuran.

in-vitro,

Nor,

MCF10

TumCG↓, increasing concentrations of lycopene had a significant inhibitory effect only on MCF-7 cells
selectivity↑, The two cell lines responded differently to lycopene treatment,
*BioAv↑, The absorption of lycopene into the mucosal cells requires bile acid micelles that are aided by ingesting meals that include dietary fat
*antiOx↑, Lycopene acts as a powerful antioxidant in protecting cells against oxidative damage and loss of normal cell function
*ROS↓, figure 3
Risk↓, Many of the studies that have been done so far with lycopene have looked at its role in prostate cancer, and one study reports a 35% risk reduction of prostate cancer with 10 weekly servings of tomato
*cardioP↑,

4792-

Lyco,

A Comprehensive Review on the Molecular Mechanism of Lycopene in Cancer Therapy

Review,

Var,

*AntiCan↑, The antioxidant profile of lycopene promotes anticancerous properties that reduce cancer prevalence by activating cell signaling pathways and gene expression (involved in cancer cell proliferation).
*antiOx↑,
Inflam↓, Lycopene's anti-inflammatory properties suppresses the tumor growth and development- promoting pathways, such as the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
Wnt↓, anticancer property of lycopene is also evidenced by its inhibi- tory potential of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that is involved in cancer cell modulation and propagation.
β-catenin/ZEB1↓,
*ROS↓, Lycopene also suppresses and neutralizes oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA damage, preventing gene mutation.
BioAv↑, high-pressure homogenization having 80 MPa pressure and 25°C temperature (Carpentieri et al. 2023),and freeze-dried tomatoes (Tan et al. 2021) have improved the bioavailability and bioaccessibility of lycopene.
ROS↓, ycopene against pancreatic acinar cells was determined, it was found that IL- 6 and NF-kB are suppressed by lycopene (2 or 5 μmol/L) after 2 h of cerulein activation, demonstrating their role in neutralizing ROS
Risk↓, Mia et al. (2023) determined prostate cancer-lowering properties of lycopene among 47,365 individuals.
PGE2↓, Lycopene also exhibited its suppressive effect by reducing PGE2, COX-2, and phosphorylated ERK1/2 protein (Marino et al. 2023).
COX2↓,
p‑ERK↓,
P21↑, lycopene and fish oil supplementation was revealed by the elevated expression of cell cycle inhibitors (p21 CIP1/WAF1 and p27Kip1) as well as by the reduced expression of MMP-7, MMP-9, COX-2, PGE2
MMP7↓,
MMP9↓,
ChemoSen↑, It was observed that lycopene and cisplatin act synergistically to arrest cell growth by enhancing Bax & Nrf2 expression and inactivating Bcl-2 and NF-kB pathways
eff↑, lycopene silver nanoparticles (LyAgNP) suppressed the progression of HeLa cells and COLO320DM cells

4788-

Lyco,

Lycopene as a potential anticancer agent: Current evidence on synergism, drug delivery systems and epidemiology (Review)

Review,

Var,

AntiCan↑, It may be associated with a reduction in the morbidity and mortality of several types of cancer, making it a prom‑ ising anticancer agent
ChemoSen↑, present review summarizes the synergistic effects of lycopene as a dietary supplement with other chemotherapy drugs or nutrients, for the enhancement of anticancer effects or the reduction of side effects from chemotherapy drugs.
chemoP↑,
Dose↝, Shao and Hathcock (20) proposed a 75 mg/day intake as the upper limit of lycopene for supplements, as no adverse effects were reported from continuous administration of 75 mg/day lycopene in a 4‑week clinical study
BioAv↑, Thermal processing of tomato products can cause changes in the structure of lycopene to shift and yield cis‑isomers in the product and this form is more bioavailable
BioAv↑, The presence of fat in food also helps enhance the absorption of lycopene (40) and its absorption is influenced by the amount of ingested fat, and the type and emulsification of dietary fat
BioAv↓, avoid the consumption of lycopene concurrently with high dietary fiber, as several types of dietary fiber (e.g. pectin, guar, alginate, etc.) are associated with lower bioavailability of lycopene
cardioP↑, figure 2
AntiDiabetic↑,
hepatoP↑,
neuroP↑,
MAPK↓, 2 mg/kg; 5 mg/kg Inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway (48) and decreased MMP‑2 and MMP‑9 activities through the activation of NM23‑H1, TIMP‑1 and TIMP‑2 expression.
MMP2↓,
MMP9↓,
TIMP1↑,
TIMP2↑,

3261-

Lyco,

Lycopene and Vascular Health

Review,

Stroke,

 endothelial cells

*Inflam↓, main activity profile of lycopene includes antiatherosclerotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antiplatelet, anti-apoptotic, and protective endothelial effects, the ability to improve the metabolic profile, and reduce arterial stif
*antiOx↑, It is a much more potent antioxidant than alpha-tocopherol (10 × more potent) or beta-carotene (twice as potent)
*AntiAg↑, lycopene, protecting against myocardial infarction and stroke, is its antiplatelet activity
*cardioP↑, favorable effect in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, stroke and several other cardiovascular disorders
*SOD↑, Lycopene modulates also the production of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase
*Catalase↑,
*ROS↓, By reducing oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species, lycopene increases the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO), improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation and reduces protein, lipids, DNA, and mitochondrial damage (
*mtDam↓,
*cardioP↑, Lycopene exerts a cardioprotective effect against atrazine induced cardiac injury due to its anti-inflammatory effect, by blocking the NF-kappa B pathway and NO production
*NF-kB↓,
*NO↓,
*COX2↓, downregulation of cyclooxygenase 2,
*LDL↓, significant reductions in total and LDL cholesterol were revealed only at doses of, at least, 25 mg lycopene/day
*eff↑, It was noticed that lycopene can potentiate the antiplatelet effect of aspirin, which requires low lycopene diet
*ER Stress↓, Lycopene protects the cardiomyocytes by relieving ERS
*BioAv↑, Lycopene is very bioavailable in the presence of oil, especially in monounsaturated oils, other dietary fats and processed tomato products
*eff↑, Lycopene can increase the antioxidant properties of vitamin C, E, polyphenols and beta-carotene in a synergistic way
*MMPs↓, figure 3, secretion of MMPs
*COX2↓,
*RAGE↓,

3260-

Lyco,

Lycopene in human health

Review,

NA,

*BioAv↝, Lycopene bioavailability is lower in raw sources than in thermal processed food sources.
*BioAv↓, As a result of the low bioavailability of lycopene, its circulating levels are more suitable as prognostic data for health outcomes than its dietary intake values
*ROS⇅, A beneficial or prejudicial cellular response by lycopene will depend on its antioxidant or prooxidant properties respectively, depending on the cellular and extracellular environment
*BioAv↝, Thus, there is less bioavailability of lycopene in fresh tomatoes than in processed tomato products (such as pasteurized tomato juice, soup, sauce and ketchup)

1710-

Lyco,

Lycopene: A Natural Arsenal in the War against Oxidative Stress and Cardiovascular Diseases

Review,

CardioV,

antiOx↓, Lycopene is a potent antioxidant that fights ROS and, subsequently, complications.
ROS↓,
BP↓, It reduces blood pressure via inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme and regulating nitrous oxide bioavailability.
LDL↓, important role in lowering of LDL (low-density lipoproteins) and improving HDL (high-density lipoproteins) levels to minimize atherosclerosis
*toxicity∅, Lycopene is a natural substance that may be used in high doses as a dietary supplement without causing harm to human health or physiology
eff↑, Thermal food processing, particularly in the presence of cooking oils, causes lycopene to micellize and enhance its intestinal absorption rate by a factor of ten
ROS↑, As a pro-oxidant, lycopene may have both good and negative impacts in biological systems, as well as influence the course of human illnesses.
*Half-Life↑, Plasma lycopene has a half-life of 12–33 days in the human body
*BioAv↓, Tomato lycopene is not easily absorbed since it is integrated into the nutritional matrix.
*BioAv↑, Clinical research demonstrates that heat-processed tomato products absorb lycopene more quickly than raw sources, and that adding oil increases absorption
*antiOx↑, Lycopene’s ability to protect against oxidative stress has been established

3277-

Lyco,

Recent trends and advances in the epidemiology, synergism, and delivery system of lycopene as an anti-cancer agent

Review,

Var,

antiOx↑, lycopene provides a strong antioxidant activity that is 100 times more effective than α-tocopherol and more than double effective that of β-carotene
TumCP↓, In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that lycopene at near physiological levels (0.5−2 μM) could inhibit cancer cell proliferation [[22], [23], [24]], induce apoptosis [[25], [26], [27]], and suppress metastasis [
Apoptosis↑,
TumMeta↑,
ChemoSen↑, lycopene can increase the effect of anti-cancer drugs (including adriamycin, cisplatin, docetaxel and paclitaxel) on cancer cell growth and reduce tumour size
BioAv↓, low water solubility and bioavailability of lycopene
Dose↝, The concentration of lycopene in plasma (daily intake of 10 mg lycopene) is approximately 0.52−0.6 μM
BioAv↓, significant decrease in lycopene bioavailability in the elderly
BioAv↑, oils and fats favours the bioavailability of lycopene [80], while large molecules such as pectin can hinder the absorption of lycopene in the small intestine due to their action on lipids and bile salt molecules
SOD↑, GC: 50−150 mg/kg BW/day ↑SOD, CAT, GPx ↑IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α ↑IgA, IgG, IgM ↓IL-6
Catalase↑,
GPx↑,
IL2↑, lycopene treatment significantly enhanced blood IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α levels and reduced IL-6 level in a dose-dependent manner.
IL4↑,
IL1↑,
TNF-α↑,
GSH↑, GC: ↑GSH, GPx, GST, GR
GPx↑,
GSTA1↑,
GSR↑,
PPARγ↑, ↑GPx, SOD, MDA ↑PPARγ, caspase-3 ↓NF-κB, COX-2
Casp3↑,
NF-kB↓,
COX2↓,
Bcl-2↑, AGS cells Lycopene 5 μM ↑Bcl-2 ↓Bax, Bax/Bcl-2, p53 ↓Chk1, Chk2, γ-H2AX, DNA damage ↓ROS Phase arrest
BAX↓,
P53↓,
CHK1↓,
Chk2↓,
γH2AX↓,
DNAdam↓,
ROS↓,
P21↑, CRC: ↑p21 ↓PCNA, β-catenin ↓COX-2, PGE2, ERK1/2 phosphorylated
PCNA↓,
β-catenin/ZEB1↓,
PGE2↓,
ERK↓,
cMyc↓, AGS cells: ↓Wnt-1, c-Myc, cyclin E ↓Jak1/Stat3, Wnt/β-catenin alteration ↓ROS
cycE/CCNE↓,
JAK1↓,
STAT3↓,
SIRT1↑, Huh7: ↑SIRT1 ↓Cells growth ↑PARP cleavage ↓Cyclin D1, TNFα, IL-6, NF-κB, p65, STAT3, Akt activation ↓Tumour multiplicity, volume
cl‑PARP↑,
cycD1/CCND1↓,
TNF-α↓,
IL6↓,
p65↓,
MMP2↓, SK-Hep1 human hepatoma cells Lycopene 5, 10 μM ↓MMP-2, MMP-9 ↓
MMP9↓,
Wnt↓, AGS cells Lycopene 0.5 μM, 1 μM ↓Wnt-1, c-Myc, cyclin E ↓Jak1/Stat3, Wnt/β-catenin alteration ↓ROS

3268-

Lyco,

Lycopene as a Natural Antioxidant Used to Prevent Human Health Disorders

Review,

AD,

*BioAv↓, Lycopene bioavailability can be decreased by ageing, and some of the pathological states, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)
*AntiCan↑, For instance, it has been shown that a higher dietary intake and circulating concentration of lycopene have protective effects against prostate cancer (PCa), in a dose-dependent way
*ROCK1↓, It remarkably lessened the expression of ROCK1, Ki-67, ICAM-1 and ROCK2,
*Ki-67↓,
*ICAM-1↓,
*cardioP↑, Lycopene is a cardioprotective nutraceutical.
*antiOx↑, Lycopene is a well-known antioxidant.
*NQO1↑, Furthermore, lycopene supplementation improves mRNA expressions of the NQO-1 and HO-1 as antioxidant enzymes.
*HO-1↑,
*TNF-α↓, downregulate inflammatory cytokines (i.e., TNF-α, and IL-1β) in the hippocampus of the mice.
*IL22↓,
*NRF2↑, Lycopene decreased neuronal oxidative damage by activating Nrf2, as well as by inactivating NF-κB translocation in H2O2-related SH-SY5Y cell model
*NF-kB↓,
*MDA↓, significantly reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA)
*Catalase↑, Furthermore, it improved the catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and GSH levels, and antioxidant capacity [109].
*SOD↑,
*GSH↑,
*cognitive↑, Lycopene administration considerably improved cognitive defects, noticeably reduced MDA levels and elevated GSH-Px activity, and remarkably reduced tau
*tau↓,
*hepatoP↑, Lycopene was also found to be effective against hepatotoxicity by acting as an antioxidant, regulating total glutathione (tGSH) and CAT concentrations
*MMP2↑, It also elevated MMP-2 down-regulation
*AST↓, lowering the liver enzymes levels, like aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), LDL, free fatty acid, and MDA.
*ALAT↓,
*P450↑, Moreover, tomato powder has been shown to have a protective agent against alcohol-induced hepatic injury by inducing cytochrome p450 2E1
*DNAdam↓, lycopene decreased DNA damage
*ROS↓, It has been revealed that they inhibited ROS production, protected antioxidant enzymes, and reversed hepatotoxicity in rats’ liver
*neuroP↑, lycopene consumption relieved cognitive defects, age-related memory loss, neuronal damage, and synaptic dysfunction of the brain.
*memory↑,
*Ca+2↓, Lycopene suppressed the 4-AP-invoked release of glutamate and elevated intra-synaptosomal Ca2+ level.
*Dose↝, an in vivo study revealed that lycopene (6.5 mg/day) was effective against cancer in men [147]. However, lycopene dose should be increased up to 10 mg/day, in the case of advanced PCa.
*Dose↑, lycopene supplementation (15 mg/day, for 12 weeks) in an old aged population improved immune function through increasing natural killer cell activity by 28%
*Dose↝, Finally, according to different epidemiological studies, daily lycopene intake can be suggested to be 2 to 20 mg per day
*toxicity∅, A toxicological study on rats showed the no-observed-adverse-effect level at the highest examined dose (i.e., 1.0% in the diet)
PGE2↓, Lycopene doses of 0, 10, 20, and 30 µM were used to treat human colorectal cancer cell. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and NO levels declined after lycopene administration,
CDK2↓, Treatment with lycopene reduced cell hyperproliferation induced by UVB and ultimately promoted apoptosis and reduced CDK2 and CDK4 complex in SKH-1 hairless mice
CDK4↓,
STAT3↓, lycopene reduced the STAT3 expression in ovarian tissues
NOX↓, (SK-Hep-1) cells and indicated a substantial reduction in NOX activity. Moreover, it inhibits the protein expression of NOX4, NOX4 mRNA and ROS intracellular amounts
NOX4↓,
ROS↓,
*SREBP1↓, Lycopene decreases the fatty acid synthase (FAS), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c), and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) expression in HFD mice.
*FASN↓,
*ACC↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 11 of 11

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 11

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

antiOx↑, 7, ARE↑, 1, Catalase↑, 3, GPx↑, 2, GSH↑, 2, GSR↑, 1, GSTs↓, 1, H2O2↓, 1, HO-1↑, 2, lipid-P↓, 1, MDA↓, 1, MPO↓, 1, NQO1↑, 1, NRF2↑, 2, ROS↓, 6, ROS⇅, 1, SOD↑, 4, TAC↑, 1, VitC↑, 1, VitE↑, 1,

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

mtDam↓, 1,

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

ACC↓, 1, ALAT↓, 1, FASN↓, 1, LDL↓, 1, SREBP1↓, 1,

Cell Death ⓘ

Akt↓, 1, MAPK↓, 1,

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

ER Stress↓, 1,

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

DNAdam↓, 1,

Migration ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1, Ca+2↓, 1, Ki-67↓, 1, MMP2↑, 1, MMPs↓, 1, RAGE↓, 1, ROCK1↓, 1, TGF-β1↑, 1,

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

NO↓, 2,

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

BBB↑, 1,

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

COX2↓, 4, ICAM-1↓, 1, IL1↓, 1, IL10↑, 1, IL12↓, 1, IL1β↓, 3, IL22↓, 1, IL6↓, 3, IL8↑, 1, Inflam↓, 3, NF-kB↓, 4, TNF-α↓, 4,

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

tau↓, 1,

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

BioAv↓, 4, BioAv↑, 6, BioAv↝, 4, Dose↑, 1, Dose↝, 2, eff↑, 2, Half-Life↑, 2, P450↑, 1,

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1, AST↓, 1, BP↓, 1, IL6↓, 3, Ki-67↓, 1, RAGE↓, 1,

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 2, cardioP↑, 6, cognitive↑, 1, hepatoP↑, 1, memory↑, 2, neuroP↑, 3, radioP↑, 1, toxicity∅, 2,
Total Targets: 75

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: BioAv, bioavailability

11 Lycopene

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:119  Target#:792  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=on  sortOrder:rid,rpid

Lycopene / BioAv Cancer Research Results

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

Cell Death ⓘ

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

Cell Cycle & Senescence ⓘ

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State ⓘ

Migration ⓘ

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Cellular Microenvironment ⓘ

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Redox & Oxidative Stress ⓘ

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics ⓘ

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis ⓘ

Cell Death ⓘ

Protein Folding & ER Stress ⓘ

DNA Damage & Repair ⓘ

Migration ⓘ

Angiogenesis & Vasculature ⓘ

Barriers & Transport ⓘ

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling ⓘ

Synaptic & Neurotransmission ⓘ

Drug Metabolism & Resistance ⓘ

Clinical Biomarkers ⓘ

Functional Outcomes ⓘ

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