| Features: micronutrient | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Naturally occurring element. Selenium is incorporated into selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and thioredoxin reductases (TrxRs), which play critical roles in protecting cells from oxidative damage. Involved in GPx, TrxR, ans Selenoprotien P which protect normal cells from oxidative stress. Important in Thyroid hormone metabolism, immune system regulation, reproductive health, and Brain and heart protection. -recommended daily allowance (RDA) for selenium is about 55 µg/day for adults. (upper tolerance 400ug/day) -One Brazil nut may contain 50-300ug/nut Sodium selenite (Na₂SeO₃) is a selenium compound with well-documented anticancer and chemopreventive properties -Oxidation state: +4 (selenite form of selenium) -Type: Inorganic selenium compound (water-soluble) -Sodium selenite generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) selectively in tumor cells. -Induces cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and DNA fragmentation. -Reduces VEGF expression and endothelial cell migration. -Blocks cell division at G2/M phase -Suppresses MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity -Activates p53 -Inhibits NF-κB -PI3K/Akt/mTOR Suppression -Inactivation of Thioredoxin/Glutathione systems -NRF2 inhibition in cancer cell might be connected with O2 level Narrow therapeutic window: -Low micromolar (≤5 µM) → anticancer -High (>10 µM) → toxic to normal cells Some Selenium Supplements use Sodium Selenite as the active ingredient. - NOW Foods Selenium, Nature's Bounty Selenium, etc Other common form is Selenomethionine, as it is better absorbed (found in brazil nuts), but might be less effective? | Category | Role in cancer | | -------------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | Sodium Selenium (selenite) | Direct cytotoxic redox poison | | Selenium (organic / nutritional) | **Redox buffer & immune modulator** (generally *anti-therapy* when oxidative stress is desired) | | SeNPs | Tunable redox-signaling anticancer platform | Selenium (Organic / Nutritional) — Cancer-Relevant Pathways
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| Destruction of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, which is widely regarded as one of the earliest events in the process of cell apoptosis. Mitochondria are organelles within eukaryotic cells that produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy molecule used by the cell. For this reason, the mitochondrion is sometimes referred to as “the powerhouse of the cell”. Mitochondria produce ATP through process of cellular respiration—specifically, aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen. The citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondria. The mitochondrial membrane potential is widely used in assessing mitochondrial function as it relates to the mitochondrial capacity of ATP generation by oxidative phosphorylation. The mitochondrial membrane potential is a reliable indicator of mitochondrial health. In cancer cells, ΔΨm is often decreased, which can lead to changes in cellular metabolism, increased glycolysis, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and altered cell death pathways. The membrane of malignant mitochondria is hyperpolarized (−220 mV) in comparison to their healthy counterparts (−160 mV), which facilitates the penetration of positively charged molecules to the cancer cells mitochondria. The MMP is a critical indicator of mitochondrial function, directly reflecting the organelle's capacity to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. |
| 2806- | CHr, | Se, | Selenium-containing chrysin and quercetin derivatives: attractive scaffolds for cancer therapy |
| - | in-vitro, | Var, | NA |
| 4714- | Se, | SSE, | SeNPs, | Selenium in cancer management: exploring the therapeutic potential |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4484- | Se, | Chit, | PEG, | Anti-cancer potential of selenium-chitosan-polyethylene glycol-carvacrol nanocomposites in multiple myeloma U266 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | U266 |
| 4486- | Se, | Chit, | Selenium-Modified Chitosan Induces HepG2 Cell Apoptosis and Differential Protein Analysis |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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