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| Silver NanoParticles Summary: 1. Smaller sizes desirable due to greater surface area, and cell penetration (enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect) 2. Two main types: AgNP and silver ions (big debate on uses: Ag+ turning to AgCl in stomach but AgCl also effective. Take sodium-bicarbonate? 3. Dose example 80kg person: 1.12-2mg/day, which can be calculated based on ppm and volume taken (see below) target < 10ppm and 120mL per day (30ppm and 1L per day caused argyria 30mg/day ) (Case Report: 9‐15 ppm@120mL, i.e. 1.1mg/L to 1.8mg/L per day) Likely 10ppm --> 10mg/L, hence if take 100mL, then 1mg/day? (for Cancer) The current Rfd for oral silver exposure is 5 ug/kg/d with a critical dose estimated at 14 ug/kg/d for the average person. Seems like the Cancer target range is 14ug/kg/day to 25ug/kg/day. 80Kg example: 1.12mg to 2mg “1.4µg/kg body weight. If I would have 70kg, I would want to use 100µg/day. However, for fighting active disease, I would tend to explore higher daily dose, as I think this may be too low.” 4. AntiOxidants/NAC can counter act the effect of Silver NanoParticles from producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial damage . NAC is a supplement form of cysteine, an amino acid that helps make glutathione, a powerful antioxidant. 5. In vitro most reports indicate AgNPs increase ROS in both cancer and normal cell (but in vivo improved antioxidant system of normal may create selectivity) 6. Pathways/mechanisms of action/: -” intracellular ROS was increased...reduction in levels of glutathione (GSH)” -”AgNPs affect the function of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)” (likely reducing levels) -”expression of BAX and BCL2 genes was increased” -”upregulation of proapoptotic genes (p53, p21, Bax, and caspases) and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-2)” -” upregulation of AMPK and downregulation of mTOR, MMP-9, BCL-2, and α-SMA” -”p53 is a key player...proapoptotic genes p53 and Bax were significantly increased... noticeable reduction in Bcl-2 transcript levels” -” p53 participates directly in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by regulating the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization” - “Proapoptotic markers (BAX/BCL-XL, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, p53, p21, and caspases 3, 8 and 9) increased.” -”The antiapoptotic markers, AKT and NF-kB, decreased in AgNP-treated cells.” Silver NanoParticles and Magnetic Fields Summary: 1. “exposure to PMF increased the ability of AgNPs uptake” 2. 6x improvement from AgNPs alone could glucose capping of SilverNPs work as trojan horse? Sodium selenite might protect against toxicity of AgNPs in normal cells. -uncoated AgNPs can degrade the gut microbiome. PVP, citrate, green-synthesized, chitosan coating, may reduce the effect. Also may be true for Selenium(Sodium selenite) becuase of antioxidant properties, slowing oxidation of Ag0 to Ag+. co-ingestion with food (higher pH) favors reduction and lower Ag+ levels. -action mechanisms of AgNPs: the release of silver ions (Ag+), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), destruction of membrane structure. AgNP anticancer effects come from three overlapping mechanisms: -Nanoparticle–cell interaction (uptake, membrane effects) -Intracellular ROS generation -Controlled Ag⁺ release inside cancer cells Comparison adding Citrate Capping | Property | Uncapped AgNPs | Citrate-capped AgNPs | | --------------------- | -------------- | -------------------- | | Stability | Poor | Excellent | | Free Ag⁺ | High | Low | | Normal cell toxicity | Higher | Lower | | Cancer selectivity | Lower | **Higher** | | Mechanism specificity | Crude | **Targeted** | | Storage behavior | Degrades | Stable | |
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| Gut microbiome may affect responses to numerous forms of cancer therapy. The gut microbiota plays a multifaceted role in cancer biology, influencing tumor development, progression, and patient prognosis. Dysbiosis and specific microbial populations have been linked to various cancers, with implications for patient outcomes. While the relationship between gut microbiota and cancer prognosis is an active area of research, it holds promise for the development of microbiome-based biomarkers and therapeutic strategies in oncology. |
| 4599- | SNP, | ProBio, | Impacts of dietary silver nanoparticles and probiotic administration on the microbiota of an in-vitro gut model |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
| 4596- | SNP, | Oral administration of silver nanomaterials affects the gut microbiota and metabolic profile altering the secretion of 5-HT in mice |
| - | in-vivo, | NA, | NA |
| 4366- | SNP, | Gut Dysbiosis and Neurobehavioral Alterations in Rats Exposed to Silver Nanoparticles |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
| 306- | SNP, | Cancer Therapy by Silver Nanoparticles: Fiction or Reality? |
| - | Analysis, | NA, | NA |
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