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| Silver NanoParticles (AgNPs) Summary: 1.Smaller sizes are generally more bioactive due to increased surface area and enhanced tumor accumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. 2.Two relevant forms: particulate silver (AgNPs) and ionic silver (Ag⁺). There is debate regarding oral use, as Ag⁺ can precipitate as AgCl in gastric acid, reducing bioavailability; AgNPs may partially avoid this via particulate uptake and intracellular Ag⁺ release. Gastric pH may influence this equilibrium. 3. Dose example 80kg person: 1.12-2mg/day, which can be calculated based on ppm and volume taken (see below) target < 10ppm and 120mL per day (30ppm and 1L per day caused argyria 30mg/day ) (Case Report: 9‐15 ppm@120mL, i.e. 1.1mg/L to 1.8mg/L per day) Likely 10ppm --> 10mg/L, hence if take 100mL, then 1mg/day? (for Cancer) The current Rfd for oral silver exposure is 5 ug/kg/d with a critical dose estimated at 14 ug/kg/d for the average person. Seems like the Cancer target range is 14ug/kg/day to 25ug/kg/day. 80Kg example: 1.12mg to 2mg “1.4µg/kg body weight. If I would have 70kg, I would want to use 100µg/day. However, for fighting active disease, I would tend to explore higher daily dose, as I think this may be too low.” These values reflect experimental or anecdotal contexts and are not established safe or therapeutic doses. 4. Antioxidants such as NAC can counteract AgNP cytotoxicity by restoring glutathione pools and suppressing ROS-mediated mitochondrial damage. 5. In vitro studies commonly show ROS elevation in both cancer and normal cells; however, in vivo, superior antioxidant, NRF2, and repair capacity in normal tissues may confer selectivity. 6. Pathways/mechanisms of action/: -” intracellular ROS was increased...reduction in levels of glutathione (GSH)” - Normal-cell selectivity is partly mediated by NRF2-dependent antioxidant and detoxification responses. - AgNPs impair mitochondrial electron transport, increasing electron leak and amplifying ROS upstream of ΔΨm collapse. -AgNPs inhibit VEGF-driven endothelial signaling and permeability (anti-angiogenic effect) -”upregulation of proapoptotic genes (p53, p21, Bax, and caspases) and downregulation of antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-2)” -” upregulation of AMPK and downregulation of mTOR, MMP-9, BCL-2, and α-SMA” -”p53 is a key player...proapoptotic genes p53 and Bax were significantly increased... noticeable reduction in Bcl-2 transcript levels” -” p53 participates directly in the intrinsic apoptosis pathway by regulating the mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization” - “Proapoptotic markers (BAX/BCL-XL, cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, p53, p21, and caspases 3, 8 and 9) increased.” -”The antiapoptotic markers, AKT and NF-kB, decreased in AgNP-treated cells.” Chronic accumulation and long-term systemic effects remain insufficiently characterized. Silver NanoParticles and Magnetic Fields Summary: 1. “exposure to PMF increased the ability of AgNPs uptake” 2. 6x improvement from AgNPs alone could glucose capping of SilverNPs work as trojan horse? Sodium selenite might protect against toxicity of AgNPs in normal cells. -uncoated AgNPs can degrade the gut microbiome. PVP, citrate, green-synthesized, chitosan coating, may reduce the effect. Similar oxidative considerations may apply to selenium compounds, though mechanisms differ. co-ingestion with food (higher pH) favors reduction and lower Ag+ levels. -action mechanisms of AgNPs: the release of silver ions (Ag+), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), destruction of membrane structure. AgNP anticancer effects come from three overlapping mechanisms: -Nanoparticle–cell interaction (uptake, membrane effects) -Intracellular ROS generation -Controlled Ag⁺ release inside cancer cells Comparison adding Citrate Capping | Property | Uncapped AgNPs | Citrate-capped AgNPs | | --------------------- | -------------- | -------------------- | | Stability | Poor | Excellent | | Free Ag⁺ | High | Low | | Normal cell toxicity | Higher | Lower | | Cancer selectivity | Lower | **Higher** | | Mechanism specificity | Crude | **Targeted** | | Storage behavior | Degrades | Stable |
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| 4573- | AgNPs, | Bioactive silver nanoparticles derived from Carica papaya floral extract and its dual-functioning biomedical application |
| - | in-vitro, | Var, | MCF-7 | - | NA, | NA, | HEK293 |
| 4587- | AgNPs, | Chit, | Multifunctional Silver Nanoparticles Based on Chitosan: Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, Antifungal, Antioxidant, and Wound-Healing Activities |
| - | in-vitro, | NA, | NA |
| 4586- | AgNPs, | Tyndall-effect-enhanced supersensitive naked-eye determination of mercury (II) ions with silver nanoparticles |
| 4585- | AgNPs, | Tyndall-effect-based colorimetric assay with colloidal silver nanoparticles for quantitative point-of-care detection of creatinine using a laser pointer pen and a smartphone |
| 4584- | AgNPs, | Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Carica papaya Leaf Extract (AgNPs-PLE) Causes Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Prostate (DU145) Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Pca, | DU145 |
| 4583- | AgNPs, | Metal-Based Nanoparticles for Cardiovascular Diseases |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 4582- | AgNPs, | Silver CASRN 7440-22-4 | DTXSID4024305 |
| 4581- | AgNPs, | Antimicrobial, anticoagulant and antiplatelet activities of green synthesized silver nanoparticles using Selaginella (Sanjeevini) plant extract |
| 4580- | AgNPs, | Biogenic Synthesis of Antibacterial, Hemocompatible, and Antiplatelets Lysozyme Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles through the One-Step Process for Therapeutic Applications |
| - | in-vitro, | NA, | NA |
| 4579- | AgNPs, | Response of platelets to silver nanoparticles designed with different surface functionalization |
| 4578- | AgNPs, | Green synthesized novel silver nanoparticles and their application as anticoagulant and thrombolytic agents: A perspective |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 4577- | AgNPs, | Characterization of Antiplatelet Properties of Silver Nanoparticles |
| - | vitro+vivo, | Stroke, | NA |
| 4576- | AgNPs, | Nanosilver, Next-Generation Antithrombotic Agent |
| - | Study, | NA, | NA |
| 4574- | AgNPs, | Advances in nano silver-based biomaterials and their biomedical applications |
| - | Review, | NA, | NA |
| 4588- | AgNPs, | Chit, | Solid-state tailored silver nanocomposites from chitosan: Synthesis, antimicrobial evaluation and molecular docking |
| - | in-vitro, | NA, | NA |
| 4564- | AgNPs, | GoldNP, | Cu, | Chemo, | PDT | Cytotoxicity and targeted drug delivery of green synthesized metallic nanoparticles against oral Cancer: A review |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 4563- | AgNPs, | Rad, | Silver nanoparticles enhance neutron radiation sensitivity in cancer cells: An in vitro study |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | Ovarian, | SKOV3 | - | in-vitro, | GBM, | U87MG | - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | A431 |
| 4562- | AgNPs, | VitC, | Eco-friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Ascorbic Acid and its Optical Characterization |
| - | Study, | NA, | NA |
| 4561- | AgNPs, | VitC, | Cellular Effects Nanosilver on Cancer and Non-cancer Cells: Potential Environmental and Human Health Impacts |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HEK293 |
| 4560- | AgNPs, | Exploiting antidiabetic activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Punica granatum leaves and anticancer potential against human liver cancer cells (HepG2) |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | Diabetic, | NA |
| 4559- | AgNPs, | Anticancer activity of biogenerated silver nanoparticles: an integrated proteomic investigation |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | SkBr3 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HT-29 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 | - | in-vitro, | Colon, | Caco-2 |
| 4558- | AgNPs, | Role of Oxidative and Nitro-Oxidative Damage in Silver Nanoparticles Cytotoxic Effect against Human Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 |
| 4557- | AgNPs, | The apoptotic effect of nanosilver is mediated by a ROS- and JNK-dependent mechanism involving the mitochondrial pathway in NIH3T3 cells |
| - | in-vitro, | NA, | NIH-3T3 | - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 |
| 4556- | AgNPs, | Biofilm Impeding AgNPs Target Skin Carcinoma by Inducing Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization Mediated through ROS Production |
| - | in-vitro, | Melanoma, | A431 |
| 4555- | AgNPs, | Silver nanoparticles from Dendropanax morbifera Léveille inhibit cell migration, induce apoptosis, and increase generation of reactive oxygen species in A549 lung cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 | - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 4554- | AgNPs, | Involvement of telomerase activity inhibition and telomere dysfunction in silver nanoparticles anticancer effects |
| - | in-vitro, | Cerv, | HeLa |
| 4553- | AgNPs, | Cytotoxicity induced by engineered silver nanocrystallites is dependent on surface coatings and cell types |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | RAW264.7 |
| 4552- | AgNPs, | ART/DHA, | Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Artemisia turcomanica leaf extract and the study of anti-cancer effect and apoptosis induction on gastric cancer cell line (AGS) |
| - | in-vitro, | GC, | AGS |
| 5142- | AgNPs, | Biosynthesized Protein-Capped Silver Nanoparticles Induce ROS-Dependent Proapoptotic Signals and Prosurvival Autophagy in Cancer Cells |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HUH7 |
| 5978- | AgNPs, | Biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their medical applications |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 5977- | AgNPs, | CDT, | Silver Nitroprusside as an Efficient Chemodynamic Therapeutic Agent and a Peroxynitrite nanogenerator for Targeted Cancer Therapy |
| - | in-vivo, | Ovarian, | A2780S | - | NA, | Ovarian, | SKOV3 |
| 5976- | AgNPs, | Review on Harnessing Silver Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Innovations: A Comprehensive Review on Medical Applications, Safety, and Future Directions |
| - | Review, | Vit, | NA |
| 5975- | AgNPs, | PDT, | CDT, | RF, | Recent Advances in the Application of Silver Nanoparticles for Enhancing Phototherapy Outcomes |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA | - | Review, | BPH, | NA |
| 5239- | AgNPs, | NOX4- and Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress induced by silver nanoparticles in vascular endothelial cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Nor, | HUVECs |
| 5238- | AgNPs, | β-Sitosterol-assisted silver nanoparticles activates Nrf2 and triggers mitochondrial apoptosis via oxidative stress in human hepatocellular cancer cell line |
| - | in-vitro, | HCC, | HepG2 |
| 5237- | AgNPs, | Nrf2 Activation Mitigates Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Ferroptosis in Hepatocytes |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 5236- | AgNPs, | Adaptive regulations of Nrf2 alleviates silver nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress-related liver cells injury |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 | - | in-vitro, | Nor, | L02 |
| 5147- | AgNPs, | Size dependent anti-invasiveness of silver nanoparticles in lung cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | Lung, | A549 |
| 5146- | AgNPs, | Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Autophagic-Lysosomal Disruption and NLRP3-Inflammasome Activation in HepG2 Cells Is Size-Dependent |
| - | in-vitro, | Liver, | HepG2 |
| 5145- | AgNPs, | Silver nanoparticles induce irremediable endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to unfolded protein response dependent apoptosis in breast cancer cells |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | MCF-7 | - | in-vitro, | BC, | T47D |
| 5144- | AgNPs, | Differential effects of silver nanoparticles on DNA damage and DNA repair gene expression in Ogg1-deficient and wild type mice |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
| - | in-vitro, | CRC, | HCT116 |
| 4398- | AgNPs, | Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells at low silver nanoparticle concentrations using chitosan nanocarrier |
| - | in-vitro, | Colon, | HT29 |
| 4661- | AgNPs, | Silver nanoparticles induces apoptosis of cancer stem cells in head and neck cancer |
| - | in-vitro, | HNSCC, | NA |
| 4600- | AgNPs, | Effects of particle size and coating on toxicologic parameters, fecal elimination kinetics and tissue distribution of acutely ingested silver nanoparticles in a mouse model |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
| 4599- | AgNPs, | ProBio, | Impacts of dietary silver nanoparticles and probiotic administration on the microbiota of an in-vitro gut model |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |
| 4598- | AgNPs, | In vivo human time-exposure study of orally dosed commercial silver nanoparticles |
| - | in-vivo, | Nor, | NA |