condition found tbRes List
VitK2, Vitamin K2: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone)
Menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a subtype of vitamin K2 Helps blood clot, calcium metabolise and heart health.
Bone health: Vitamin K2 helps to regulate calcium levels in the body, which can help to prevent conditions such as osteoporosis and fractures.
Vitamin K2 has been studied for its potential role in cancer prevention and treatment. Some of the key findings include:
-Shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, including those found in leukemia, lung cancer, and prostate cancer.
-Shown to induce apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells, which can help to prevent the spread of cancer.
-Shown to have anti-angiogenic effects, which means it can help to prevent the formation of new blood vessels that feed cancer cells.
-Synergistic effects with other nutrients, such as vitamin D and calcium, to enhance its anti-cancer effects.

Vitamin K2 exists in several forms known as menaquinones, with MK-4 and MK-7 being the most studied. MK-4 is often used in Japan for therapeutic purposes, whereas MK-7 (derived from bacterial fermentation) is widely available as a supplement in Western countries.
For bone and cardiovascular health—and by extension, exploring potential anticancer benefits—doses for MK-7 commonly range from 90 to 200 micrograms per day.
Risk, Risk: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
Risk
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
2285- VitK2,    New insights into vitamin K biology with relevance to cancer
- Review, Var, NA
Risk↓, Vitamin K intake has been inversely associated with cancer incidence and mortality in observational studies
AntiCan↑, MK4 supplementation on bone loss in women with viral liver cirrhosis.Over 8 years of follow-up, the risk ratio for the development of HCC in the MK4 group compared with the control group was 0.20
eff↑, phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled trial in HCC patients demonstrated that MK4 supplementation (45 mg/day orally) enhanced the efficacy of the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib
MMP↓, MK4 mediated apoptosis may also involve binding of MK4 to pro-apoptotic BAK, direct effects on mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS)
ROS↑,
Cyt‑c↑, MK4 covalently bound to BAK induces decrease in MMP and cytochrome c release.
eff↓, ROS production can be blocked by N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and alpha-tocopherol which can ultimately block MK4 mediated apoptosis.
SXR↑, Activation of SXR by MK4 (The loss of UBIAD1 in prostate cancer cells reduced MK4 synthesis which in turn decreased SXR transcriptional regulation)

1830- VitK2,    Vitamin K Intake and Risk of Lung Cancer: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study
- Study, Lung, NA
Risk↓, Vitamin K consumption reduces the risk of lung cancer.
NF-kB↓, Vitamin K2 has been shown to suppress nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation via inhibiting protein kinase C (PKC)- α and ε kinase activities
PKCδ↓,

1825- VitK2,    Vitamin K intake and prostate cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial
- Analysis, Pca, NA
Risk∅, The present study does not suggest that vitamin K intake influences the occurrence of total and advanced prostate cancer in the general US population

1824- VitK2,    Vitamin K and its analogs: Potential avenues for prostate cancer management
- Review, Pca, NA
AntiCan↑, potential anticancer activity in several cancer types including prostate cancer
toxicity∅, VK1 and VK2 are non-toxic even at high doses
Risk↓, Epidemiological studies suggest that there is inverse association between dietary intake of VK (especially menaquinone) and overall cancer incidence
Apoptosis↑, VK2 has anticancer activity through the mechanisms such as induction of apoptosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle arrest
ROS↑,
TumCCA↑,
eff↑, Gilloteaux et al. [90] reported that the combination of VK3 and ascorbic acid induces oxidative stress in DU-145 PCa cells.
DNAdam↑, oxidative stress induce lipid and protein oxidative modifications and DNA damage leading to apoptotic cell death
MMP↓, VK2 induces pro-apoptosis effects by regulating the MMP, in which mechanism VK2 produces superoxide within the mitochondrial membrane, followed by the release cytochrome c, activation of procaspase 3
Cyt‑c↑,
pro‑Casp3↑,
FasL↑, VK3 treatment induced c-myc and also increased both FasL and Fas
Fas↑,
TumAuto↑, VK2 also can induce autophagy
ChemoSen↑, combination of vitamins C and VK3 has been proposed as a non-toxic mixture of drugs active as an adjuvant cancer therapy by increasing chemo- or radiotherapy effects through alteration of deoxyribonuclease activity
RadioS↑,

1818- VitK2,    New insights on vitamin K biology with relevance to cancer
- Review, Var, NA
TumCG↓, A few small randomized trials support the concept that vitamin K supplementation can retard cancer development and/or progression
ChemoSen↑, phase 2 randomized placebo-controlled trial in HCC patients demonstrated that MK4 supplementation (45 mg/day orally) enhanced the efficacy of the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib
toxicity∅, long term vitamin K supplementation is safe and may offer survival benefit in HCC patients.
OS↑,
BMD↑, Primary Outcomes: Bone density
eff↑, In studies where both forms of the vitamin have been compared, MKs generally exerted more potent anticancer effects than PK.
MMP↓, direct effects on mitochondrial membrane depolarization and reactive oxygen species (ROS)
ROS↑,
eff↓, ROS neutralization by antioxidants (N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and alpha-tocopherol) or BAK knockdown prevented MK4 mediated mitochondrial disruption and apoptosis
ERK↑, activates ERK, JNK/p38 MAPK
JNK↑,
p38↑,
Cyt‑c↑, cytochrome c release
Casp↑, caspase activation
ATP↓, reducing ATP production and increasing lactate production
lactateProd↑,
AMPK↑, which activates AMPK
Rho↓, via inhibition of RhoA
TumCG↓, mouse xenograft studies, treatment with MK4 administered in water at a calculated dose of 20 mg/kg/d significantly reduced growth of established HCCs
BioAv↑, Phylloquinone (K1) is the major dietary form, but it is converted into menaquinone (K2) in tissues.
cardioP↑, optimal vitamin K status is common in adults and may contribute to chronic diseases such as osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Risk↓, Observational studies suggest that low vitamin K intake increases cancer risk(more lowers risk)


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 5

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
AMPK↑,1,   AntiCan↑,2,   Apoptosis↑,1,   ATP↓,1,   BioAv↑,1,   BMD↑,1,   cardioP↑,1,   Casp↑,1,   pro‑Casp3↑,1,   ChemoSen↑,2,   Cyt‑c↑,3,   DNAdam↑,1,   eff↓,2,   eff↑,3,   ERK↑,1,   Fas↑,1,   FasL↑,1,   JNK↑,1,   lactateProd↑,1,   MMP↓,3,   NF-kB↓,1,   OS↑,1,   p38↑,1,   PKCδ↓,1,   RadioS↑,1,   Rho↓,1,   Risk↓,4,   Risk∅,1,   ROS↑,3,   SXR↑,1,   toxicity∅,2,   TumAuto↑,1,   TumCCA↑,1,   TumCG↓,2,  
Total Targets: 34

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:

Total Targets: 0

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: Risk, Risk
5 Vitamin K2
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