Phenethyl isothiocyanate Cancer Research Results

PEITC, Phenethyl isothiocyanate: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) is a naturally occurring small-molecule phytochemical best known for its role in cancer chemoprevention research. It belongs to the isothiocyanate class of organosulfur compounds and has the chemical formula C₉H₉NS.
Source: Derived from glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables
PEITC in plants exists mainly as the glucosinolate precursor (gluconasturtiin). Upon tissue disruption (chewing, chopping), myrosinase converts gluconasturtiin → PEITC. 
-PEITC bioavailability from fresh, chopped microgreens is high
-Co-consumption with other isothiocyanates is additive/synergistic
-Peak plasma levels: ~1–3 hours post-consumption
-Half-life: ~4–6 hours
-Generally well tolerated up to 40 mg/day (mild GI irritation at higher dose)

PEITC is best characterized for its dual role in xenobiotic metabolism:
Inhibition of Phase I enzymes
-Suppresses cytochrome P450 enzymes (e.g., CYP1A1, CYP2E1)
-Reduces activation of pro-carcinogens

-Selectively depletes GSH in cancer cells
-Directly increases ROS beyond buffering capacity

Key pathways in cancer cells
-GSH depletion
-Mitochondrial ROS amplification
-ASK1/JNK apoptosis

Chemo relevance
-Frequently chemo-sensitizing
-Opposite of NAC/GSH

Induction of Phase II enzymes
-Activates NRF2–KEAP1 signaling
-Increases expression of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes such as:
 -Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs)
 -NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1)
 -Heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1)

In preclinical systems, PEITC has been shown to:
-Deplete intracellular glutathione (GSH), increasing oxidative stress in cancer cells
-Induce mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis
-Inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs) (context-dependent)
-Suppress pro-survival signaling pathways (e.g., STAT3, NF-κB)
-Target cancer stem–like cells in some models

Dietary origins

PEITC present in vegetables such as:
-Watercress (the richest source)
-Broccoli
-Cabbage
-Brussels sprouts
-Radish

Bioavailability depends on:
-Food preparation
-Gut microbiota (myrosinase activity if plant enzyme is inactive)

watercress microgreens generally have higher PEITC (and/or its precursor gluconasturtiin) per gram than mature watercress.
-The enrichment is most pronounced per unit fresh weight in the 7–14 day window.
-Absolute values vary substantially with cultivar, light intensity, sulfur/nitrogen nutrition, and post-harvest handling.
| Growth stage    |      Age | PEITC potential (mg / 100 g FW) |         Relative |
| --------------- | -------: | ------------------------------: | ---------------: |
| **Microgreens** |   7–10 d |                     **3.0–6.0** | **~2–4×** mature |
| **Microgreens** |  11–14 d |                     **2.5–5.0** |            ~2–3× |
| Baby leaf       |  21–28 d |                         1.5–3.0 |            ~1–2× |
| Mature leaf     | 35–45+ d |                         0.8–1.5 |         baseline |

Dry weight basis
| Growth stage          | PEITC potential (mg / g DW) |
| --------------------- | --------------------------: |
| Microgreens (7–10 d)  |                 **1.8–3.5** |
| Microgreens (11–14 d) |                     1.5–3.0 |
| Mature leaf           |                     0.6–1.2 |

Expect 2–5× variability depending on:
-Light spectrum (blue light ↑ glucosinolates)
-Sulfur availability

Practical optimization tips
Lighting
-12–16 h/day
-150–300 µmol/m²/s PAR (typical shop LEDs at 20–30 cm distance)
Soil
-Peat or peat-blend preferred
-Avoid over-watering (dilutes concentration)
Nutrition (optional but effective)
-One light watering with ¼-strength sulfate-containing fertilizer around day 4–5 can increase PEITC ~15–30%
Harvest & use
-Cut, rest 5–10 minutes, then consume (allows myrosinase to fully convert gluconasturtiin → PEITC)

Dose: (100 g fresh microgreens ≈ 2–4 mg bioavailable PEITC)
-ie below doses are not really acheivable from fresh microgreens
Minimum biologically active dose (humans): ~10–15 mg PEITC/day
Common efficacy range used in human trials: 20–40 mg/day
Upper short-term doses studied (generally tolerated): 60 mg/day
Diet-achievable with watercress microgreens: Yes, at realistic portions
These doses are chemopreventive / pathway-modulating, not cytotoxic chemotherapy.
| PEITC dose (mg/day) | Dominant biological effects                     |
| ------------------: | ----------------------------------------------- |
|         **5–10 mg** | Phase II enzymes, mild NRF2                     |
|        **10–20 mg** | HDAC inhibition, ROS signaling                  |
|        **20–40 mg** | Apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest, anti-inflammatory |
|        **40–60 mg** | Strong redox stress in cancer cells             |
|              >60 mg | Limited data; GI irritation risk                |

Rank Pathway / Target Axis Direction Primary Effect Notes / Cancer Relevance Ref
1 GSH / thiol buffering (PEITC–GSH conjugation → GSH depletion) ↓ GSH Upstream redox collapse PEITC drives a GSH-iron-ROS axis; GSH depletion is upstream of multiple death programs (ref)
2 ROS accumulation ↑ ROS Oxidative stress trigger PEITC increases intracellular ROS, which then drives mitochondrial disruption and apoptosis (ref)
3 Ferroptosis (lipid peroxidation; anti-ferroptotic machinery overwhelmed) ↑ ferroptosis Iron-dependent oxidative death Direct evidence that PEITC induces ferroptosis (alongside other death programs) via GSH-iron-ROS mechanisms (ref)
4 Mitochondrial integrity (ΔΨm; cytochrome-c release) ↓ ΔΨm / ↑ cytochrome-c release Mitochondrial dysfunction PEITC promotes ROS, decreases ΔΨm, increases cytochrome-c release in cancer cells (ref)
5 Intrinsic apoptosis (caspase-9 → caspase-3) ↑ caspase activation / ↑ apoptosis Execution-phase cell death PEITC activates caspase-9 and caspase-3 and induces apoptosis downstream of mitochondrial dysfunction (ref)
6 Akt → JNK → Mcl-1 axis ↓ Akt / ↑ JNK / ↓ Mcl-1 Pro-survival signaling collapse Leukemia study: PEITC-initiated death is linked to Akt inactivation → JNK activation → Mcl-1 downregulation (ref)
7 NF-κB signaling ↓ NF-κB transcriptional activity / ↓ p65 nuclear translocation Reduced pro-survival / inflammatory transcription PEITC inhibits NF-κB activity and NF-κB–regulated genes (e.g., cyclin D1, VEGF, Bcl-xL) in prostate cancer cells (ref)
8 JAK–STAT3 signaling ↓ STAT3 activation Reduced survival / growth signaling PEITC inhibits IL-6–driven JAK–STAT3 activation in prostate cancer cells (STAT3 signaling direction shown) (ref)
9 Cell-cycle regulation ↑ G2/M arrest Proliferation blockade PEITC inhibits proliferation and induces G2/M cell-cycle arrest in prostate cancer cells (ref)
10 Autophagy program ↑ autophagy Stress response (can interact with death) PEITC induces autophagy along with ferroptosis and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells (ref)
11 Migration / invasion (MMPs, FAK, RhoA) ↓ migration & invasion / ↓ MMPs Anti-metastatic phenotype PEITC suppresses migration/invasion and downregulates MMP-2/-7/-9 and motility regulators (FAK, RhoA) (ref)
12 In vivo anti-tumor effect ↓ tumor burden / ↑ survival (model-dependent) Demonstrated efficacy in animal model Leukemia study reports PEITC anti-leukemic activity including mechanistic signaling changes and in vivo efficacy evidence (ref)


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
9234- AITC,  BITC,  PEITC,    Allyl-, Butyl- and Phenylethyl-Isothiocyanate Modulate Akt–mTOR and Cyclin–CDK Signaling in Gemcitabine- and Cisplatin-Resistant Bladder Cancer Cell Lines
- in-vitro, Bladder, NA
TumCG↓, TumCP↓, Tumccf↓, TumCCA↑, Akt↓, mTOR↓, Apoptosis↑, eff↑,
9228- AITC,  BITC,  PEITC,    Allyl-, butyl- and phenylethyl-isothiocyanate activate Nrf2 in cultured fibroblasts
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑,
9209- BITC,  ITCs,  SFN,  PEITC,    Effect of Isothiocyanates on Nuclear Accumulation of NF-κB, Nrf2, and Thioredoxin in Caco-2 Cells
- in-vitro, Colon, Caco-2
NRF2↑, Trx↑, ROS↑, TrxR1↑, GSH↓,
9185- BITC,  PEITC,  AITC,  ITCs,    Effects of Brassicaceae Isothiocyanates on Prostate Cancer
- Review, Pca, NA
antiOx↑, Inflam↓, Bacteria↓, chemoPv↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, ChemoSen↑, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, TumMeta↓, DNMTs↓, HDAC↓, HDAC6↓, AR↓, selectivity↑, CDK1↓, CycB/CCNB1↓, P53↑, WEE1↑, CDC25↓, cMyc↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, cycE/CCNE↓, CDK4↓, CDK6↓, XIAP↓, survivin↓, Bcl-2↓, compIII↓, APAF1↑, ROS↑, OXPHOS↓, MMP↓, Ca+2↑, CXCR4↓, IL6↓, JAK2↓, STAT3↓, mTOR↓, Synergy↑, CSCs↓, uPAR↓, NF-kB↓, TGF-β↓, angioG↓,
9175- BITC,  PEITC,  AITC,    Isothiocyanates in medicine: A comprehensive review on phenylethyl-, allyl-, and benzyl-isothiocyanates
- Review, Nor, NA
*Inflam↓, *antiOx↑, *AntiBio↑, *BioAv↝, *BioAv↑, *TNF-α↓, *IL10↓, *antiAll↑, *NRF2↑, *SOD↑, *GPx↑, *HO-1↑, *NQO1↑, *GSH↑, *GSTs↑, *hepatoP↑, *MDA↓, *Catalase↑, *ROS↓, *ROS⇅, *ROS↑, *IP-10/CXCL-10↓, *CD40↓, STAT1↓, iNOS↓, STAT3↓, IL6↓, *MPO↓, Casp3↑, Casp8↑, Casp9↑, mtDam↑, compIV↓, Cyt‑c↑, SDH↓, AIF↑, p‑Akt↓, PTEN↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, TumCCA↑, CDK1↓, CDC25↓, *eff↑, *toxicity↝, *eff↑, *eff↑, EMT↓, *AntiAg↑,
9230- ITCs,  AITC,  BITC,  PEITC,  SFN  Isothiocyanates as Ferroptosis Inducers to Promote Cancer Cell Death
- Review, Var, NA
Ferroptosis↑, Ingr↝, GSH↓, ROS↑, lipid-P↑, MDA↑, GPx4↓, Iron↑, xCT/SLC7A11↓,
9193- ITCs,  PEITC,  BITC,  SFN,    Cancer chemoprevention with dietary isothiocyanates mature for clinical translational research
- Review, Var, NA
Risk↓, TumCCA↑, TumCD↑, selectivity↑, TumCP↓, angioG↓, EMT↓, CSCs↓, NF-kB↓, NOTCH↑, BioAv↑, AntiCan↑, Synergy↑, Polyps↓, ROS↑, compIII↓, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, *p‑4E-BP1↓,
9191- ITCs,  AITC,  BITC,  PEITC,  SFN  Molecular Targets of Isothiocyanates in Cancer: Recent Advances
- Review, Var, NA
Risk↓, TumCG↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, Ingr?, chemoPv↑, P450↓, SXR↓, CYP3A4↓, NRF2↑, ARE↑, HO-1↑, p38↓, TrxR↑, Trx↑, NF-kB↓, AP-1↓, BioAv↑, Akt↓, STAT3↓, HDAC↓, VEGF↓, MMP2↓, Hif1a↓, CD31/PECAM-1↓, PI3K↓, PDK1 / PDPK1↓, mTOR↓, FOXO1↓, FOXO3↓, BIM↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, P21↑, HER2/EBBR2↓, EGFR↓, Bcl-xL↓, XIAP↓, ROS↓, Zeb1↓, Snail↓, E-cadherin↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, Casp↑, DNAdam↑, TumCCA↑, γH2AX↑, CSCs↓, OCT4↓, SOX2↓, Nanog↓, NOTCH2↑, selectivity↝, ETC↓, compI↓, compIII↓, OCR↓, Synergy↑, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, Synergy↑, Synergy↑, Synergy↑, Synergy↑, Synergy↑,
9189- ITCs,  PEITC,  SFN,  BITC,    CXCR4 is a novel target of cancer chemopreventative isothiocyanates in prostate cancer cells
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, 22Rv1 - in-vitro, Pca, C4-2B - vitro+vivo, Pca, PC3
CXCR4↓,
9183- ITCs,  PEITC,    Isothiocyanates: translating the power of plants to people
- Review, Var, NA
*BioAv↑, *Half-Life↝, *BioAv↝, Ki-67↓, HDAC3↓, HDAC↓, Inflam↓, Bacteria↓, PSA↓, *cognitive↑, 8-oxo-dG↓, Risk↓,
4961- PEITC,    Phenethyl isothiocyanate suppresses cancer stem cell properties in vitro and in a xenograft model
- vitro+vivo, CRC, HCT116
CSCs↓, TumCG↓, CSCsMark↓,
4918- PEITC,    Nutritional Sources and Anticancer Potential of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Insights
- Review, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, angioG↓, TumMeta↓, NF-kB↓, Akt↓, MAPK↓, *BioAv↓, ROS↑, lipid-P↑, AIF↑, Cyt‑c↑, DR4↑, DR5↑, TumCCA↑, JAK↓, STAT3↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, PKCδ↓, Hif1a↓, JNK↓, Mcl-1↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, MMP↓, Casp3↑, ChemoSen↑, *BioAv↓, Half-Life↓,
4960- PEITC,    Phenethyl isothiocyanate upregulates death receptors 4 and 5 and inhibits proliferation in human cancer stem-like cells
- in-vivo, Cerv, HeLa
CD44↓, CD24↓, CSCs↓, cl‑PARP↑, DR4↑, DR5↑, TumCP↓,
4959- PEITC,    Phenethyl isothiocyanate hampers growth and progression of HER2-positive breast and ovarian carcinoma by targeting their stem cell compartment
- in-vitro, Ovarian, NA
CSCs↓, ALDH↓, CSCsMark↓, Synergy↑,
4958- PEITC,    Cancer-preventive effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate through tumor microenvironment regulation in a colorectal cancer stem cell xenograft model
- vitro+vivo, CRC, NA
CSCs↓, TumCG↓, Inflam↓,
4957- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) from Cruciferous Vegetables Targets Human Cancer Stem-Like Cells
- vitro+vivo, Cerv, HeLa
CSCs↓, ALDH↓, CD44↓, CD24↓, cl‑PARP↑, DR4↑, DR5↑,
4956- PEITC,    Inhibition of cancer growth in vitro and in vivo by a novel ROS-modulating agent with ability to eliminate stem-like cancer cells
- vitro+vivo, Lung, A549
GSH↓, ROS↑, mtDam↑, mitResp↓, MMP↓, CSCs↓, OCT4↓, ABC↓, SOX2↓, CD133↓, CD44↓, ALDH↓, Nanog↓, TumCG↓,
4955- PEITC,    Phenethyl isothiocyanate-induced cytoskeletal changes and cell death in lung cancer cells
- in-vitro, Lung, A549 - in-vitro, Lung, H1299
TumCG↓, α-tubulin↓, TumCD↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑,
4954- PEITC,    Selective killing of oncogenically transformed cells through a ROS-mediated mechanism by β-phenylethyl isothiocyanate
- vitro+vivo, Ovarian, SKOV3
ROS↑, GSH↓, selectivity↑, mtDam↑, TumCD↑, OS↑, eff↑, *toxicity↓, H2O2↑, NO↑, eff↓, GPx↓, Dose↝, Synergy↑,
4953- PEITC,    PEITC: a natural compound effective in killing primary leukemia cells and overcoming drug resistance
- in-vitro, CLL, NA
ROS↑, GSH↓, TumCD↓, eff↓, Mcl-1↓, Casp3↑,
4952- PEITC,    Cancer-preventive effect of phenethyl isothiocyanate through tumor microenvironment regulation in a colorectal cancer stem cell xenograft model
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116
CSCs↓,
4951- PEITC,    ROS accumulation by PEITC selectively kills ovarian cancer cells via UPR-mediated apoptosis
- in-vitro, Ovarian, PA1 - in-vitro, Ovarian, SKOV3
ROS↑, TumCP↓, GSH↓, selectivity↑, UPR↑, CHOP/DDIT3↑, ER Stress↑, GRP78/BiP↑, PERK↑, ATF6↑, eff↓, TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, toxicity↓,
4962- PEITC,  Ba,  PSO,    Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells
- Review, BC, NA
CSCs↓,
4963- PEITC,    Sensory Acceptable Equivalent Doses of β - Phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) Induce Cell Cycle Arrest and Retard Growth of p53 Mutated Oral Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo
- vitro+vivo, Oral, CAL27 - vitro+vivo, Oral, FaDu - vitro+vivo, Oral, SCC4 - vitro+vivo, Oral, SCC9
Dose↝, selectivity↑, TumCG↓, OS↑, ROS↑, P53↑, P21↑, TumCCA↑, Ki-67↓,
4964- PEITC,    Irreversible Inhibition of Glutathione S-Transferase by Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC), a Dietary Cancer Chemopreventive Phytochemical
- in-vitro, Var, NA
GSH↓, GSTA1↓, chemoPv↑,
5014- PEITC,  Xan,    Combination of xanthohumol and phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits NF-κB and activates Nrf2 in pancreatic cancer cells
- in-vitro, PC, NA
NF-kB↓, NRF2↑, GSTP1/GSTπ↑, NQO1↑, SOD↑, TumCP↓,
5016- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate (PEITC) interaction with Keap1 activates the Nrf2 pathway and inhibits lipid accumulation in adipocytes
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*NRF2↑, *Diff↓, *Weight↓, *lipid-P↓,
5072- PEITC,    Inhibition and Inactivation of Human Cytochrome P450 Isoforms by Phenethyl Isothiocyanate
- in-vitro, Nor, NA
*CYP2E1↓, *chemoPv↑,
5183- PEITC,  Cisplatin,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Induces Apoptosis Through ROS Generation and Caspase-3 Activation in Cervical Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, Cerv, HeLa - in-vitro, Nor, HaCaT
DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, ChemoSen↑, ROS↑, mt-ROS↑, Casp↑, Casp3↑, selectivity↑, TumCP↓, tumCV↓, eff↓,
5184- PEITC,    Phenethyl isothiocyanate exhibits antileukemic activity in vitro and in vivo by inactivation of Akt and activation of JNK pathways
- vitro+vivo, AML, U937
Casp3↑, Casp9↑, Casp8↑, cl‑PARP↑, Apoptosis↑, Mcl-1↓, Akt↓, JNK↑, eff↑,
5185- PEITC,  SFN,    Suppression of NF-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated gene expression by sulforaphane and PEITC through IkappaBalpha, IKK pathway in human prostate cancer PC-3 cells
- in-vitro, Pca, PC3
NF-kB↓, p65↓, VEGF↓, cycD1/CCND1↓, Bcl-xL↓, IKKα↓,
5186- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate inhibits STAT3 activation in prostate cancer cells
- in-vitro, Pca, DU145 - in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP
TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, STAT3↓, p‑JAK2↓, eff↓, TumCCA↑, AR↓, ROS↑,
5187- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Human Gastric Cancer AGS Cells through Suppressing MAPK and NF-κB Signal Pathways
- in-vitro, GC, AGS
TumMeta↓, ERK↓, MKK7↓, PKCδ↓, Rho↓, uPA↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, RAS↓, VEGF↓, FAK↓, iNOS↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, TumCP↓,
4926- PEITC,    PEITC inhibits the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells by blocking TGF-β-induced EMT
- in-vitro, CRC, SW48
TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, EMT↓, Smad1↓, AntiCan↑, Snail↓, Slug↓, Zeb1↓, ZEB2↓, TGF-β1↓, Synergy↑, E-cadherin↑, N-cadherin↓, Vim↓,
4934- PEITC,    Differential induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cell lines by phenethyl isothiocyanate, a glutathione depleting agent
- in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
GSH↓, ROS↑, chemoPv↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, eff↓, TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, BAX↑, Nrf1↑, GSH↓, GSSG↓, GSH/GSSG↓,
4933- PEITC,    Phenethyl isothiocyanate inhibits metastasis potential of non-small cell lung cancer cells through FTO mediated TLE1 m6A modification
- vitro+vivo, Lung, H1299 - vitro+vivo, SCC, H226
AntiCan↓, TumCP↓, TumMeta↓, ChemoSen↑, tumCV↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, FTO↓, TLE1↓, Akt↓, NF-kB↓,
4932- PEITC,    Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: Implications in Breast Cancer Prevention
- Review, BC, NA
TumCCA↑, ROS↑, GSH↓, ERα/ESR1↓, TumMeta↓, angioG↓,
4931- PEITC,    Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) suppresses prostate cancer cell invasion epigenetically through regulating microRNA-194
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, PC3
Risk↓, miR-194↑, TumCI↓, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, BMP2↓, *chemoPv↑,
4930- PEITC,    Targeted anti-cancer therapy: Co-delivery of VEGF siRNA and Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) via cRGD-modified lipid nanoparticles for enhanced anti-angiogenic efficacy
- vitro+vivo, Lung, A549
VEGF↓, Hif1a↓, TumCG↓, TumCP↓,
4929- PEITC,  PacT,    Phenethyl isothiocyanate and paclitaxel synergistically enhanced apoptosis and alpha-tubulin hyperacetylation in breast cancer cells
- in-vitro, BC, MCF7 - in-vitro, BC, MDA-MB-231
ChemoSen↑, Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, Synergy↑, CDK1↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, cl‑PARP↑, SAL↑,
4928- PEITC,    Dietary phytochemical PEITC restricts tumor development via modulation of epigenetic writers and erasers
- vitro+vivo, Colon, SW-620
Risk↓, HDAC↓, TumW↓, TumCG↓, AP-1↓, cAMP↓, NF-kB↓, BMI1↓, SUZ12↓, EZH2↓, selectivity↑,
4927- PEITC,    Targeting ferroptosis in osteosarcoma
- Review, OS, NA
AntiCan↑, BioAv↑, Ferroptosis↑, TfR1/CD71↑, Iron↑, ROS↑, MDA↑, lipid-P↑, GPx4↓,
4935- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Suppresses Inhibitor of Apoptosis Family Protein Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells in Culture and In Vivo
- in-vivo, Pca, LNCaP - in-vivo, Pca, PC3
Apoptosis↑, XIAP↓, survivin↓, *BioAv↑, tumCV↓, eff↓,
4925- PEITC,    PEITC triggers multiple forms of cell death by GSH-iron-ROS regulation in K7M2 murine osteosarcoma cells
- in-vitro, OS, NA
tumCV↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, GSH↓, ROS↑, Ferroptosis↑, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, MAPK↑, TumCG↓, Dose⇅,
4924- PEITC,    Nutri-PEITC Jelly Significantly Improves Progression-Free Survival and Quality of Life in Patients with Advanced Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer: A Blinded Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
- Trial, Oral, NA
QoL↑, P53↑, OS↑, Cyt‑c↝, other↝, ROS↑, selectivity↑, P21↑, TumCCA↑, Dose↝, BioAv↑, Weight↑, chemoP↑,
4923- PEITC,    Quantitative chemical proteomics reveals that phenethyl isothiocyanate covalently targets BID to promote apoptosis
- Study, Var, NA
cl‑BID↑, Apoptosis↑, Bcl-xL↓, Casp8↑, Cyt‑c↑,
4922- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate: A comprehensive review of anti-cancer mechanisms
- Review, Var, NA
Risk↓, AntiCan↑, TumCP↓, TumMeta↓, ChemoSen↑, *BioAv↑, *other↝, *Dose↝, Dose↓, *BioAv↑, *Dose↝, *Half-Life↝, *toxicity↝, GSH↓, ROS↑, CYP1A1↑, CYP1A2↑, P450↓, CYP2E1↑, CYP3A4↓, CYP2A3/CYP2A6↓, *ROS↓, *GPx1↑, *SOD1↑, *SOD2↑, Akt↓, EGFR↓, HER2/EBBR2↓, P53↑, Telomerase↓, selectivity↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Apoptosis↑, DR4↑, Fas↑, XIAP↓, survivin↓, TumAuto↑, Hif1a↓, angioG↓, MMPs↓, ERK↓, NF-kB↓, EMT↓, TumCI↓, TumCMig↓, Glycolysis↓, ATP↓, selectivity↑, *antiOx↑, Dose↝, other↝, OCR↓, GSH↓, ITGB1↓, ITGB6↓, ChemoSen↑,
4921- PEITC,    The Potential Use of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate for Cancer Prevention
- Review, Var, NA
antiOx↑, Inflam↓, AntiCan↑, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, HDAC↓, Risk↓,
4920- PEITC,  Cisplatin,    PEITC restores chemosensitivity in cisplatin-resistant non-small cell lung cancer by targeting c-Myc/miR-424-5p
- vitro+vivo, NSCLC, A549
TumCG↓, ChemoSen↑, cMyc↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, BioAv↝, tumCV↓, ChemoSen↑,
4919- PEITC,    Natural compound PEITC inhibits gain of function of p53 mutants in cancer cells by switching YAP-binding partners between p53 and p73
- in-vitro, Var, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumCCA↑, P53↓,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 50 of 66
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* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 66

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 2,   ARE↑, 1,   GPx↓, 1,   GPx4↓, 2,   GSH↓, 16,   GSH/GSSG↓, 1,   GSSG↓, 1,   H2O2↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   Iron↑, 2,   lipid-P↑, 3,   MDA↑, 2,   NQO1↑, 2,   Nrf1↑, 1,   NRF2↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 4,   p‑NRF2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 2,   ROS↑, 30,   mt-ROS↑, 1,   SOD↑, 2,   Trx↑, 2,   TrxR↑, 1,   TrxR1↑, 1,   xCT/SLC7A11↓, 1,  

Metal & Cofactor Biology(tgid=2) ⓘ

TfR1/CD71↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

CDC25↓, 4,   compI↓, 1,   compIII↓, 3,   compIV↓, 1,   EGF↓, 1,   ETC↓, 2,   mitResp↓, 1,   MKK7↓, 1,   mtDam↑, 4,   OCR↓, 2,   OXPHOS↓, 2,   SDH↓, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

ATP↓, 2,   cAMP↓, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 1,   PDK1 / PDPK1↓, 1,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

AIF↑, 5,   APAF1↑, 1,   Apoptosis↓, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 25,   BAX↑, 7,   Bcl-2↓, 6,   Bcl-xL↓, 3,   BID↑, 3,   cl‑BID↑, 1,   BIM↑, 1,   Casp↑, 2,   Casp3↑, 8,   Casp8↑, 4,   Casp9↑, 6,   Cyt‑c↑, 9,   Cyt‑c↝, 1,   Diablo↑, 1,   DR5↑, 3,   Fas↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 3,   iNOS↓, 2,   Mcl-1↓, 3,   p38↓, 1,   p38↑, 1,   survivin↓, 3,   TumCD↓, 1,   TumCD↑, 5,   XIAP↓, 4,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

Akt↓, 9,   p‑Akt↓, 1,   EGFR↓, 2,   ERK↓, 3,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 2,   IKKα↓, 1,   JAK↓, 1,   JAK2↓, 1,   p‑JAK2↓, 1,   JNK↓, 1,   JNK↑, 2,   MAPK↓, 1,   MAPK↑, 1,   mTOR↓, 4,   PI3K↓, 2,   PKCδ↓, 2,   PKCδ↑, 1,   PTEN↑, 1,   RAS↓, 1,   Sp1/3/4↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 6,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

cMyc↓, 3,   DNMTs↓, 1,   EZH2↓, 1,   FOXO1↓, 1,   FOXO3↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 5,   HDAC3↓, 1,   HDAC6↓, 1,   miR-194↑, 1,   OCT4↓, 2,   other↝, 2,   SOX2↓, 2,   SUZ12↓, 1,   TLE1↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 9,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

ATF6↑, 1,   CHOP/DDIT3↑, 1,   ER Stress↑, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 2,   PERK↑, 1,   UPR↑, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

TumAuto↑, 4,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

8-oxo-dG↓, 1,   ATM↑, 1,   DNAdam↑, 4,   P53↓, 1,   P53↑, 9,   cl‑PARP↑, 4,   cl‑PARP1↑, 1,   Telomerase↓, 1,   γH2AX↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK1↓, 3,   CDK2↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 1,   CDK6↓, 2,   Chk2↑, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 3,   cycE/CCNE↓, 2,   Ki-67↓, 3,   P21↑, 6,   p27/CDKN1B↑, 2,   TumCCA↑, 24,   WEE1↑, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

ALDH↓, 4,   BMI1↓, 1,   BMP2↓, 1,   CD133↓, 1,   CD24↓, 2,   CD34↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 13,   CSCsMark↓, 2,   Ki-67↓, 3,   Nanog↓, 2,   NOTCH↑, 1,   NOTCH2↑, 1,   SAL↑, 1,   STAT1↓, 1,   TumCG↓, 19,   TumCP↓, 17,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AP-1↓, 2,   Ca+2↑, 4,   CD11b↓, 1,   E-cadherin↑, 2,   EMT↓, 4,   FAK↓, 1,   ITGB1↓, 1,   ITGB6↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 6,   MMP9↓, 5,   MMPs↓, 1,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   Rho↓, 1,   Slug↓, 1,   Smad1↓, 1,   Smad1↑, 1,   Snail↓, 2,   TGF-β↓, 1,   TGF-β1↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 5,   TumCMig↓, 6,   TumMeta↓, 6,   uPA↓, 1,   uPAR↓, 1,   Vim↓, 1,   Zeb1↓, 2,   ZEB2↓, 1,   α-tubulin↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 6,   CD31/PECAM-1↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 6,   NO↑, 2,   VEGF↓, 5,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

MMP↓, 10,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

ALC∅, 1,   CD4+↓, 1,   CD44↓, 3,   COX2/PTGS2↓, 3,   CXCR4↓, 2,   DR4↑, 4,   IL6↓, 2,   Inflam↓, 4,   NF-kB↓, 11,   p65↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

AR↓, 2,   ERα/ESR1↓, 1,   SXR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

ABC↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 4,   BioAv↝, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 11,   CYP1A1↑, 1,   CYP1A2↑, 1,   CYP2A3/CYP2A6↓, 1,   CYP2E1↑, 1,   CYP3A4↓, 2,   Dose↓, 1,   Dose⇅, 1,   Dose↝, 5,   eff↓, 11,   eff↑, 3,   GSTA1↓, 1,   GSTP1/GSTπ↑, 1,   Half-Life↓, 1,   P-gp/ABCB1↓, 1,   P450↓, 2,   RadioS↑, 2,   selectivity↑, 13,   selectivity↝, 1,   Synergy↑, 12,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

AR↓, 2,   EGFR↓, 2,   ERα/ESR1↓, 1,   EZH2↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 2,   IL6↓, 2,   Polyps↓, 1,   PSA↓, 1,   SUZ12↓, 1,   Tumccf↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↓, 1,   AntiCan↑, 7,   chemoP↑, 1,   chemoPv↑, 7,   FTO↓, 1,   OS↑, 4,   QoL↑, 1,   Risk↓, 8,   toxicity↓, 1,   TumW↓, 1,   Weight↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

Bacteria↓, 2,  

Ingredients & Constituents(tgid=25) ⓘ

Ingr?, 1,   Ingr↝, 1,  
Total Targets: 246

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 2,   Catalase↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GPx1↑, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   GSTs↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 2,   lipid-P↓, 1,   MDA↓, 1,   MPO↓, 1,   NQO1↑, 2,   NRF2↑, 3,   ROS↓, 2,   ROS↑, 1,   ROS⇅, 1,   SOD↑, 1,   SOD1↑, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

other↝, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

p‑4E-BP1↓, 1,   Diff↓, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AntiAg↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

CD40↓, 1,   IL10↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 1,   IP-10/CXCL-10↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 2,   BioAv↑, 8,   BioAv↝, 2,   CYP2E1↓, 1,   Dose↝, 3,   eff↑, 3,   Half-Life↝, 2,   P450↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

antiAll↑, 1,   chemoPv↑, 2,   cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↑, 1,   Risk↑, 1,   toxicity↓, 1,   toxicity↝, 3,   Weight↓, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

AntiBio↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 44

Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:388  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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