condition found tbRes List
CA, Caffeic acid: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
Caffeic acid is a polyphenol antioxidant found in coffee, fruits, vegetables, and herbs. It may have anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-aging, and other health benefits.

-Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, the main representative component of propolis
-Black chokeberry 141.14 mg/100 g F
-Sunflower seed, meal 8.17 mg/100 g FW
-Common sage, dried 26.40 mg/100 g FW
-Ceylan cinnamon 24.20 mg/100 g FW
-Nutmeg 16.30 mg/100 g FW

-Dual capacity of CA to act as an antioxidant during carcinogenesis and as a pro-oxidant against cancer cells, promoting their apoptosis or sensitizing them to chemotherapeutic drugs.

Pathways:
-Caffeic acid is a potent antioxidant
-Caffeic acid may also exhibit pro-oxidant behavior. At higher concentrations( 50–100 µM ?) or/and in the presence of transition metal ions (such as copper or iron), caffeic acid cab participate in Fenton-like reactions, potentially leading to increased ROS generation.
-Shown to inhibit NF-κB activation
-Inhibitory effects on MAPK/ERK Pathway
-PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
-Activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway
-Cell cycle arrest at various checkpoints
-Angiogenesis Inhibition

Caffeic acid typically shows low oral bioavailability (sometimes only a few percent of the ingested dose is systemically available) and a short plasma half-life (around 1–2 hours in animal models).


selectivity, selectivity: Click to Expand ⟱
Source:
Type:
The selectivity of cancer products (such as chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and novel cancer drugs) refers to their ability to affect cancer cells preferentially over normal, healthy cells. High selectivity is important because it can lead to better patient outcomes by reducing side effects and minimizing damage to normal tissues.

Achieving high selectivity in cancer treatment is crucial for improving patient outcomes. It relies on pinpointing molecular differences between cancerous and normal cells, designing drugs or delivery systems that exploit these differences, and overcoming intrinsic challenges like tumor heterogeneity and resistance

Factors that affect selectivity:
1. Ability of Cancer cells to preferentially absorb a product/drug
-EPR-enhanced permeability and retention of cancer cells
-nanoparticle formations/carriers may target cancer cells over normal cells
-Liposomal formations. Also negatively/positively charged affects absorbtion

2. Product/drug effect may be different for normal vs cancer cells
- hypoxia
- transition metal content levels (iron/copper) change probability of fenton reaction.
- pH levels
- antiOxidant levels and defense levels

3. Bio-availability


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
1646- CA,    Caffeic acid: a brief overview of its presence, metabolism, and bioactivity
- Review, Nor, NA
*BioAv↓, egins in the stomach where a very small amount of it is passively absorbed. Followed by the action of microbial esterases in the colon, the caffeic acid is cleaved in free form and absorbed by the intestinal mucosa (most 95%)
ROS⇅, antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties
selectivity↑, exhibits pro-oxidative properties in cancer cells that are associated with oxidative DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) damage
other∅, caffeic acid phenethyl ester, the main representative component of propolis
VEGF↓,
MMP2↓,
MMP9↓,

1650- CA,    Adjuvant Properties of Caffeic Acid in Cancer Treatment
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, CA can become a pro-oxidant due to its ability to chelate metals such as copper (Cu)
antiOx↑, CA, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties.
Inflam↓,
AntiCan↑,
NF-kB↓, ability to modulate several pathways, such as inhibiting NFkB, STAT3, and ERK1/2
STAT3↓,
ERK↓,
ChemoSen↑, mitigation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced toxicity
RadioS↑,
AMPK↑, CA (100 μM) alone or in combination with metformin (10 mM) is efficient in stimulating the AMPK signaling pathway, which acts by preventing de novo synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, consequently reducing cancer cell survival
eff↑, combined treatment with cisplatin (5 µM) and CA (10 µM) restored the chemo-sensitizing effect against cisplatin-resistant ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma cells (A2780)
selectivity↑, dual capacity of CA to act as an antioxidant during carcinogenesis and as a pro-oxidant against cancer cells, promoting their apoptosis or sensitizing them to chemotherapeutic drugs
COX2↓, CA has been discovered to impede Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme pivotal in the inflammatory cascade.
Dose∅, 50 to 10 µM, effectively suppresses COX-2
PHDs↓, CA serves as a potent inhibitor of prolyl hydroxylase-2 (PHD2),
MMP9↓, CA has been identified as an inhibitor of MMP-9
MMP2↓, CA and CAPE at doses of 5 mg/kg subcutaneously or 20 mg/kg orally. Both compounds exhibited the inhibition of MMP-2 and -9,
Dose∅, CA (0–200 μM) induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest by increasing the expression profile of caspase 1 and caspase 3
Dose∅, CA (200–800 μM) has been shown to promote Ca2+ accumulation
Ca+2↑,
Dose?, Treatment with CA at a concentration of 20 μM disrupts mitochondrial function, which leads to several effects: increased Caspase-9 activity, elevated levels of ROS, and a decrease in membrane potential (Δψm)
MMP↓,
RadioS↑, Studies conducted on cells and animals indicate that CA enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, potentially mitigating their adverse effects and improving patient outcomes with minimal side effects


* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 2

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
AMPK↑,1,   AntiCan↑,1,   antiOx↑,1,   Ca+2↑,1,   ChemoSen↑,1,   COX2↓,1,   Dose?,1,   Dose∅,3,   eff↑,1,   ERK↓,1,   Inflam↓,1,   MMP↓,1,   MMP2↓,2,   MMP9↓,2,   NF-kB↓,1,   other∅,1,   PHDs↓,1,   RadioS↑,2,   ROS↑,1,   ROS⇅,1,   selectivity↑,2,   STAT3↓,1,   VEGF↓,1,  
Total Targets: 23

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:
BioAv↓,1,  
Total Targets: 1

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: selectivity, selectivity
Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:51  Target#:1110  State#:%  Dir#:%
wNotes=on sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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