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| 5-day diet to mimic fasting without fasting. FMDs are caloric-restricted plant–based diets containing low proteins, low sugar and high fats which represent a more feasible and safer option to water-only fasting. Fasting modality Approx CRIS -------------------------------------- ---------- Time-restricted eating (12–16 h) –3 to –4 Early time-restricted eating (eTRE) –4 Intermittent fasting (24 h 1–2x/week) –4 Periodic fasting / FMD –4 to –5* Calorie restriction (chronic) –3 (risk tradeoffs) Compare STF(short term Fasting) to FMD IGF-1 / insulin suppression (core driver) | Aspect | STF | FMD | | ----------------- | ------------------- | -------- | | Depth | **Very deep** | Moderate | | Speed | **Rapid (24–48 h)** | Gradual | | Tumor stress | **High** | Medium | | Normal protection | High | High |Fasting-Mimicking Diet (FMD; ~5-day low-protein, low-calorie cycle) Cancer vs Normal Cell Effects
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| (Also known as Hsp32 and HMOX1) HO-1 is the common abbreviation for the protein (heme oxygenase‑1) produced by the HMOX1 gene. HO-1 is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including the breakdown of heme, a toxic molecule. Research has shown that HO-1 is involved in the development and progression of cancer. -widely regarded as having antioxidant and cytoprotective effects -The overall activity of HO‑1 helps to reduce the pro‐oxidant load (by degrading free heme, a pro‑oxidant) and to generate molecules (like bilirubin) that can protect cells from oxidative damage Studies have found that HO-1 is overexpressed in various types of cancer, including lung, breast, colon, and prostate cancer. The overexpression of HO-1 in cancer cells can contribute to their survival and proliferation by: Reducing oxidative stress and inflammation Promoting angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels) Inhibiting apoptosis (programmed cell death) Enhancing cell migration and invasion When HO-1 is at a normal level, it mainly exerts an antioxidant effect, and when it is excessively elevated, it causes an accumulation of iron ions. A proper cellular level of HMOX1 plays an antioxidative function to protect cells from ROS toxicity. However, its overexpression has pro-oxidant effects to induce ferroptosis of cells, which is dependent on intracellular iron accumulation and increased ROS content upon excessive activation of HMOX1. -Curcumin Activates the Nrf2 pathway leading to HO‑1 induction; known for its anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant effects. -Resveratrol Induces HO‑1 via activation of SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling; exhibits antioxidant and cardioprotective properties. -Quercetin Activates Nrf2 and related antioxidant pathways; contributes to anti‑oxidative and anti‑inflammatory responses. -EGCG Promotes HO‑1 expression through activation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway; also exhibits anti‑inflammatory and anticancer properties. -Sulforaphane One of the most potent natural HO‑1 inducers; triggers Nrf2 nuclear translocation and upregulates a battery of phase II detoxifying enzymes. -Luteolin Induces HO‑1 via Nrf2 activation; may also exert anti‑inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in various cell models. -Apigenin Has been reported to induce HO‑1 expression partly via the MAPK and Nrf2 pathways; also known for anti‑inflammatory and anticancer activities. |
| 1863- | dietFMD, | Chemo, | Effect of fasting on cancer: A narrative review of scientific evidence |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
| 1859- | dietFMD, | Chemo, | Fasting-Mimicking Diet Reduces HO-1 to Promote T Cell-Mediated Tumor Cytotoxicity |
| - | in-vitro, | BC, | 4T1 | - | in-vivo, | Melanoma, | B16-BL6 |
| 1847- | dietFMD, | VitC, | Synergistic effect of fasting-mimicking diet and vitamin C against KRAS mutated cancers |
| - | in-vitro, | PC, | PANC1 |
| 1846- | dietFMD, | VitC, | A fasting-mimicking diet and vitamin C: turning anti-aging strategies against cancer |
| - | Study, | Var, | NA |
| 1626- | dietSTF, | dietFMD, | When less may be more: calorie restriction and response to cancer therapy |
| - | Review, | Var, | NA |
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers. Such Conditions may include : -low or high Dose -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations -different cell line effects -synergies with other products -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells
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