HCA, HydroxyCitric Acid: Click to Expand ⟱
Features:
HCA is a naturally occurring compound primarily known for its potential effects on appetite and lipid metabolism via inhibition of ATP citrate lyase.
Derivative of citric acid that is found in a variety of tropical plants including Garcinia cambogia and Hibiscus sabdariffa

• Hydroxy-Citric Acid (HCA) is a compound extracted from Garcinia cambogia, primarily recognized for its potential effects on lipid metabolism and appetite suppression.
• It has been proposed to inhibit the enzyme ATP citrate lyase, which is involved in converting citrate into acetyl-CoA—a key step in fatty acid synthesis.
• By modulating lipid synthesis pathways, HCA has been studied in the context of obesity and metabolic disorders, with some exploratory research considering its implications in cancer metabolism.

• Inhibition of ATP Citrate Lyase (ACLY)******
ACLY converts citrate into acetyl-CoA, a building block for fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. Many cancer cells upregulate lipid synthesis to support membrane production and energy storage; hence, inhibiting ACLY presents a potential strategy to disrupt cancer cell metabolism.

• Impact on Lipogenesis
Reduced acetyl-CoA production can impair de novo lipogenesis, potentially limiting the proliferation of rapidly dividing cells that have high lipid demands.

• Interactions with Other Metabolic Pathways (modulation of citrate levels may affect the TCA cycle)

-Dosages used in weight loss studies typically ranging from 500 mg to 1500 mg per day
Human cyclists: 3.1 mL/kg body wt of an HCA solution (19 g/L) --> 248mg
"Studies have shown that humans can safely ingest 13.5 g of hydroxycitrate per day with plasma levels of 82 mg/L (0.39 mM) achieved"
Typically, HCA used in dietary weight loss supplement is bound to calcium, which results in a poorly soluble (<50%) and less bioavailable form. Conversely, the structural characteristics of a novel Ca2+/K+ bound (-)-HCA salt (HCA-SX or Super CitriMax) make it completely water soluble as well as bioavailable.

-HydroxyCitrate (HCA) typically used in a dose of about 1.5g/day or more for cancer (inhibition of the Melavonate Pathway?)
Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
287- ALA,  HCA,  Lyco,    Metabolic treatment of cancer: intermediate results of a prospective case series
PSA↓, OS↑,
288- ALA,  HCA,  CAP,  Octr,    Tumor regression with a combination of drugs interfering with the tumor metabolism: efficacy of hydroxycitrate, lipoic acid and capsaicin
TumCG↓,
289- ALA,  HCA,  EA,    Cancer Metabolism: Fasting Reset, the Keto-Paradox and Drugs for Undoing
- Analysis, NA, NA
ACLY↓,
290- ALA,  HCA,    A combination of alpha lipoic acid and calcium hydroxycitrate is efficient against mouse cancer models: preliminary results
- vitro+vivo, Melanoma, B16-F10
TumCG↓, OS↑,
291- ALA,  HCA,  MET,  Dicl,    Metabolic therapies inhibit tumor growth in vivo and in silico
- in-vivo, Melanoma, B16-F10 - in-vivo, Lung, LL/2 (LLC1) - in-vivo, Bladder, MBT-2
TumCG↓,
285- ALA,  HCA,    Tolerance of oral lipoid acid and hydroxycitrate combination in cancer patients: first approach of the cancer metabolism research group
- Human, Var, NA
PI3K↝, AMPK↝, TumCG↓, *toxicity↓, Weight∅,
1414- HCA,    Bioefficacy of a novel calcium-potassium salt of (-)-hydroxycitric acid
- Human, Nor, NA
*BioAv↑,
1637- HCA,  OLST,    Orlistat and Hydroxycitrate Ameliorate Colon Cancer in Rats: The Impact of Inflammatory Mediators
- in-vivo, Colon, NA
TumVol↓, OS↑, *IL6↓, *NF-kB↓, *eff↑, *Casp3↓, *TNF-α↓, *Catalase↑, *NO↓, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *Apoptosis↓,
1635- HCA,    Hydroxycitric acid prevents hyperoxaluric-induced nephrolithiasis and oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway
- vitro+vivo, Nor, NA
*other↓, *ROS↓, *SOD↑, *Catalase↑, *MDA↓, *NRF2↑,
1634- HCA,    Hydroxycitrate: a potential new therapy for calcium urolithiasis
- Human, Nor, NA
*other↑, *eff↑,
1633- HCA,    Hydroxycitric Acid Alleviated Lung Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis through the Hif-1α Pathway
- in-vivo, NA, NA - in-vitro, Nor, HUVECs
*other↓, *Inflam↓, *MDA↓, *ROS↓, *Iron↓, *SOD↓, *Hif1a↓, *HO-1↓,
1631- HCA,    An overview of the safety and efficacy of a novel, natural(-)-hydroxycitric acid extract (HCA-SX) for weight management
- Review, Obesity, NA
*ACLY↓, *toxicity∅, *Dose∅,
1630- HCA,    Chemistry and biochemistry of (-)-hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia
- Review, NA, NA
ACLY↓, FASN↓, lipoGen↓, Weight↓,
1629- HCA,  Tam,    Hydroxycitric acid reverses tamoxifen resistance through inhibition of ATP citrate lyase
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
ACLY↓, eff↓, tumCV↓, eff↑, Casp3↑, BAX↑, Bcl-2↓,
1628- HCA,  ALA,    Addition of Hydroxy Citrate improves effect of ALA
- Review, Var, NA
ACLY↓, other↓, ROS↑, eff↑, PDKs↓,
1627- HCA,    Caloric Restriction Mimetics Enhance Anticancer Immunosurveillance
- Review, Var, NA
ChemoSen↑, eff↑, ACLY↓, LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑,
1625- HCA,    In S. cerevisiae hydroxycitric acid antagonizes chronological aging and apoptosis regardless of citrate lyase
- Review, Nor, NA
CRM↑, ACLY↓, TumAuto↑, Inflam↓, TumCG↓, toxicity∅, lipoGen↓, *ROS↓, *OCR↓,
1589- HCA,    ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) inhibitors: An anti-cancer strategy at the crossroads of glucose and lipid metabolism
- Review, NA, NA
ACLY↓, eff↑,
1415- HCA,    Hydroxycitrate delays early mortality in mice and promotes muscle regeneration while inducing a rich hepatic energetic status
- in-vivo, Nor, NA
*OS↑, *toxicity↓, *AST∅, *ALAT∅, *Strength↑, *memory∅, *other↑, *other↑, *other↑,
1413- HCA,    Effects of acute (-)-hydroxycitrate supplementation on substrate metabolism at rest and during exercise in humans
- Human, Nor, NA
*toxicity↓,
1412- HCA,    Identification of ATP Citrate Lyase as a Positive Regulator of Glycolytic Function in Glioblastomas
- in-vitro, GBM, U87MG - in-vitro, GBM, LN229
ACLY↓, TumCMig↓,
294- HCA,    In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity of Garcinia or Hydroxycitric Acid: A Review

293- HCA,  Tam,    Hydroxycitric acid potentiates the cytotoxic effect of tamoxifen in MCF-7 breast cancer cells through inhibition of ATP citrate lyase
- in-vitro, BC, MCF-7
TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, ACLY↓, ACC-α↓, Fas↓,
292- HCA,    Hydroxycitric Acid Inhibits Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Growth through Activation of AMPK and mTOR Pathway
- in-vitro, AML, K562
ACLY↓, AMPK↑, mTOR↑, eIF2α↑, ATFs↑, TumCG↓,
286- HCA,  ALA,    Adding a combination of hydroxycitrate and lipoic acid (METABLOC™) to chemotherapy improves effectiveness against tumor development: experimental results and case report
OS↑,

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 25

Results for Effect on Cancer/Diseased Cells:
ACC-α↓,1,   ACLY↓,10,   AMPK↑,1,   AMPK↝,1,   Apoptosis↑,1,   ATFs↑,1,   BAX↑,1,   Bcl-2↓,1,   Casp3↑,1,   ChemoSen↑,1,   CRM↑,1,   eff↓,1,   eff↑,4,   eIF2α↑,1,   Fas↓,1,   FASN↓,1,   Inflam↓,1,   LC3‑Ⅱ/LC3‑Ⅰ↑,1,   lipoGen↓,2,   mTOR↑,1,   OS↑,4,   other↓,1,   PDKs↓,1,   PI3K↝,1,   PSA↓,1,   ROS↑,1,   toxicity∅,1,   TumAuto↑,1,   TumCG↓,7,   TumCMig↓,1,   tumCV↓,1,   TumVol↓,1,   Weight↓,1,   Weight∅,1,  
Total Targets: 34

Results for Effect on Normal Cells:
ACLY↓,1,   ALAT∅,1,   Apoptosis↓,1,   AST∅,1,   BioAv↑,1,   Casp3↓,1,   Catalase↑,2,   Dose∅,1,   eff↑,2,   Hif1a↓,1,   HO-1↓,1,   IL6↓,1,   Inflam↓,2,   Iron↓,1,   MDA↓,2,   memory∅,1,   NF-kB↓,1,   NO↓,1,   NRF2↑,1,   OCR↓,1,   OS↑,1,   other↓,2,   other↑,4,   ROS↓,4,   SOD↓,1,   SOD↑,1,   Strength↑,1,   TNF-α↓,1,   toxicity↓,3,   toxicity∅,1,  
Total Targets: 30

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:96  Target#:%  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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