ETC Cancer Research Results

ETC, Electron Transport Chain: Click to Expand ⟱
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The electron transport chain (ETC) — the mitochondrial system that produces ATP through oxidative phosphorylation — is deeply linked to cancer biology, both in tumor promotion and suppression.
-The ETC resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane and includes Complexes I–IV and ATP synthase (Complex V).
-It transfers electrons from NADH/FADH₂ to oxygen, generating ATP and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts.
-The function of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is to transfer electrons from carbon to oxygen and release energy in the form of ATP.

The #1 theory of how pulsed Magnetic Fields affect the ETC is by the RPM

The ETC consists of:
-Complex I – NADH dehydrogenase
-Complex II – Succinate dehydrogenase
-➡ Complex III – Cytochrome bc₁ complex
-Complex IV – Cytochrome c oxidase
-ATP synthase (often called Complex V)

Complex III sits between Coenzyme Q (ubiquinol) and cytochrome c.

Complex III is a major regulated source of mitochondrial ROS, especially:
-Superoxide generation at the Qo site
-ROS used for redox signaling (HIF stabilization, signaling adaptation)
-Excess ROS contributes to DNA damage and cell death


Scientific Papers found: Click to Expand⟱
4561- AgNPs,  VitC,    Cellular Effects Nanosilver on Cancer and Non-cancer Cells: Potential Environmental and Human Health Impacts
- in-vitro, CRC, HCT116 - in-vitro, Nor, HEK293
NRF2↑, TumCCA↑, ROS↑, selectivity↑, *AntiViral↑, *toxicity↝, ETC↓, MMP↓, DNAdam↑, Apoptosis↑, lipid-P↑, other↝, UPR↑, *GRP78/BiP↑, *p‑PERK↑, *cl‑eIF2α↑, *CHOP/DDIT3↑, *JNK↑, Hif1a↓, AntiCan↑, *toxicity↓, eff↑,
347- AgNPs,    The Role of Silver Nanoparticles in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cancer: Are There Any Perspectives for the Future?
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, TumCCA↑, ER Stress↑, TumCG↓, TumCP↓, DNAdam↑, P53↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, angioG↓, TumMeta↓, MMP↓, Casp3↑, cycD1/CCND1↓, PCNA↓, TNF-α↓, IL6↓, P21↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, CDK2↓, CDK4↓, Fas↑, FADD↑, BAX↑, PUMA↑, Bcl-2↓, Bcl-xL↓, ATP↓, PDK1 / PDPK1↓, Glycolysis↓, Cyt‑c↑, cl‑PARP↑, TRF2↓, hTERT/TERT↓, ETC↓, GSH↓, eff↑, ChemoSen↑, EMT↓,
5726- BF,    Bufalin exerts antitumor effects in neuroblastoma via the induction of reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis by targeting the electron transport chain
- Review, neuroblastoma, SK-N-BE
Apoptosis↑, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, MMP↓, ROS↑, ETC↓, Bcl-2↓, BAX↑, cl‑Casp3↑, cl‑PARP↑, eff↓, TumCG↓, Ki-67↓, PCNA↓,
7967- BUL,    Mode of action of bullatacin: a potent antitumor and pesticidal annonaceous acetogenin
- in-vivo, Ovarian, A2780S - in-vivo, AML, L1210
compI↓, ETC↓,
5835- CAP,    Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin induce apoptosis in human glioma cells via ROS and Ca2+-mediated mitochondrial pathway
- in-vitro, GBM, U251
tumCV↓, Apoptosis↑, selectivity↑, ROS↑, Ca+2↑, MMP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, eff↑, MPT↑, ETC↓, Casp3↑, Casp9↑,
5943- Cela,    Celastrol: A Spectrum of Treatment Opportunities in Chronic Diseases
- Review, Arthritis, NA - Review, IBD, NA - Review, AD, NA - Review, Park, NA
*other↝, *other↝, *CRP↓, *eff↝, *other↑, *CXCR4↓, *IL1β↓, *IL6↓, *IL17↓, *IL18↓, *TNF-α↓, *MMP9↓, *PGE2↓, *COX1↓, *COX2/PTGS2↓, *PI3K↓, *Akt↓, *other↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, JNK↑, TumAuto↑, Hif1a↓, BNIP3↝, HSP90↓, Fas↑, FasL↑, ETC↓, VEGF↓, angioG↓, RadioS↑, *neuroP↑, *HSP70/HSPA5↑, *ROS↓, *MMP↑, *Cyt‑c↓, *Casp3↓, *Casp9↓, *MAPK↓, *Dose⇅, *HSPs↑, BioAv↓, Dose↝,
6155- CoQ10,    BPGbio Highlights Groundbreaking Data on BPM31510 for Mitochondrial Diseases at the Inaugural Mitochondrial Transplantation and Next Generation Therapeutics Conference
- Review, Var, NA
*CoQ10↑, *BBB↑, *ETC↑, eff↑,
6154- CoQ10,    Coenzyme Q10 (BPM31510-IV in clinical trials) increases mitochondrial Q-pool and modulates electron transport chain function to elicit cell death in pancreatic cancer cells
- vitro+vivo, PC, MIA PaCa-2
ETC?, ROS↑, NADPH↓, AntiCan↑,
4761- CoQ10,    Elevated levels of mitochondrial CoQ10 induce ROS-mediated apoptosis in pancreatic cancer
- in-vitro, PC, NA - in-vivo, PC, NA
*ETC↝, ROS↑, *antiOx↑, ROS↑, OCR↓, MMP↓, TumCD↑, TumCG↓, other↝,
6182- Cu,    Role of cuproptosis in digestive system tumors (Review)
- Review, Var, NA
Cupro↑, TumCG↓, Apoptosis↑, ROS↑, Ferroptosis↑, ETC↓, MMP↓, Ca+2↑, Fenton↑, lipid-P↑, MPT↑, ATP↓, Cyt‑c↑, Casp↑, angioG↑, TumCP↑, TumCMig↑, TumCI↑, TumMeta↑, DDS↑, eff↑,
6223- CUR,    Curcumin Rewires the Tumor Metabolic Landscape: Mechanisms and Clinical Prospects
- Review, Var, NA
Ferroptosis↑, GutMicro↑, Akt↓, mTOR↓, NF-kB↓, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, STAT3↓, TumCP↓, TumCI↓, TumMeta↓, AMPK↑, P53↑, NRF2↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp↑, GPx4↓, DNMTs↓, HDAC↓, VEGF↓, Imm↑, NK cell↑, Warburg↓, Hif1a↓, HK2↓, PKM2↓, LDHA↓, GLUT1↓, MCT1↓, AMPK↑, FASN↓, SCD1↓, GLS↓, Apoptosis↑, ETC↓, MMP↓, ROS↑, lipid-P↑, ChemoSen↑, PDK1 / PDPK1↓, Beclin-1/ATG6↓, ATP↓, Glycolysis↓, GlucoseCon↓, lactateProd↑, MMPs↓, GSH↓, G6PD↓, OXPHOS↓, SREBP2↓, COX2/PTGS2↓, AP-1↓, NADH↓, NRF2↑, HO-1↑, Iron↑, MDA↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓,
6669- Deg,    Mitochondrial Complex I Inhibitors Expose a Vulnerability for Selective Killing of Pten-Null Cells
- vitro+vivo, Pca, NA
other↝, ETC↓, TumCG↓, OCR↓, GlucoseCon↑, MMP↓, other↝,
6699- DFC,    Mitochondrial H2O2 Is a Central Mediator of Diclofenac-Induced Hepatocellular Injury
- vitro+vivo, Nor, NA
*ROS↑, *hepatoP↓, *eff↑, *ATP↓, OXPHOS↓, *ETC↓, *compI↓, *compIII↓,
6318- DRE,    Dandelion root extract affects colorectal cancer proliferation and survival through the activation of multiple death signalling pathways
- vitro+vivo, CRC, HCT116 - NA, Nor, NCM460
TumCD↑, Apoptosis↑, Casp8↑, selectivity↑, TumCMig↓, selectivity↑, Dose↝, toxicity↓, TumCG↓, MMP↓, mt-ROS↑, *ROS↓, BID↑, Bcl-2↓, PARP↓, NF-kB↑, *NF-kB↓, Casp1↑, *Casp1↓, COX2/PTGS2↑, OXPHOS↓, ETC↓,
5526- EP,    Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Modulates Electron Transport and Mitochondrial Structure and Function
- Review, Var, NA
CellMemb↑, ROS↑, ETC↝, OCR↓, MMP↓,
5529- EP,    Effects of nsPEFs on Electron Transport and Mitochondrial Structures and Functions
- Review, Var, NA
ETC↓, OCR↓, CellMemb↑, mt-ROS↑, MMP↓,
5519- EP,    Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (nsPEFs) for Precision Intracellular Oncotherapy: Recent Advances and Emerging Directions
- Review, Var, NA
MMP↓, Ca+2↑, Synergy↑, ER Stress↑, selectivity↑, CSCs↓, CD44↓, CD133↓, ROS↑, Imm↑, DNAdam↑, MOMP↑, Cyt‑c↑, Casp9↑, Casp3↑, Casp9↑, TumCD↑, Fas↑, UPR↑, Dose↝, Dose↝, Dose↓, Dose↑, HMGB1↓, eff↑, EPR↑, ChemoSen↑, ETC↝, *AntiAge↑, *Hif1a↑, *SIRT1↑,
5521- EP,    Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (nsPEFs) Modulate Electron Transport in the Plasma Membrane and the Mitochondria
- in-vitro, BC, 4T1 - in-vitro, Nor, H9c2
ETC↓, ROS↑, *mt-ROS↑,
5524- EP,    Considerations for Exploring Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (nsPEFs) for Treatments of Cancer, Benign Skin Diseases, Atrial Fibrillation, and for New Mechanistic Understandings
- Review, Var, NA
ETC↝,
7195- GBE,    Mitochondrial effects of Ginkgo biloba extract
- Review, AD, NA
*ROS↓, *mitResp↑, *AntiAge↑, *ATP↑, *neuroP↑, *ETC↑, *compI↑,
7282- Gins,    Ginsenoside Rh2 stimulates the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and induces apoptosis of cervical cancer cells by inhibiting mitochondrial electron transfer chain complex
- in-vitro, Cerv, NA
compI↓, compIII↓, ETC↓, ROS↑, Apoptosis↑, tumCV↓, selectivity↑, MMP↓, ATP↓, OXPHOS↓, ECAR↓, Glycolysis↓,
7503- H2S,    Hydrogen Sulfide, an Endogenous Stimulator of Mitochondrial Function in Cancer Cells
- Review, Var, NA
DNArepair↑, CBS↑, 3MST/MPST↑, ETC↑, ATP↑, Glycolysis↑, ACLY↑,
9191- ITCs,  AITC,  BITC,  PEITC,  SFN  Molecular Targets of Isothiocyanates in Cancer: Recent Advances
- Review, Var, NA
Risk↓, TumCG↓, ROS↑, TumCCA↑, Apoptosis↑, Ingr?, chemoPv↑, P450↓, SXR↓, CYP3A4↓, NRF2↑, ARE↑, HO-1↑, p38↓, TrxR↑, Trx↑, NF-kB↓, AP-1↓, BioAv↑, Akt↓, STAT3↓, HDAC↓, VEGF↓, MMP2↓, Hif1a↓, CD31/PECAM-1↓, PI3K↓, PDK1 / PDPK1↓, mTOR↓, FOXO1↓, FOXO3↓, BIM↑, p27/CDKN1B↑, P21↑, HER2/EBBR2↓, EGFR↓, Bcl-xL↓, XIAP↓, ROS↓, Zeb1↓, Snail↓, E-cadherin↑, MMP2↓, MMP9↓, ROS↑, MMP↓, Casp↑, DNAdam↑, TumCCA↑, γH2AX↑, CSCs↓, OCT4↓, SOX2↓, Nanog↓, NOTCH2↑, selectivity↝, ETC↓, compI↓, compIII↓, OCR↓, Synergy↑, ChemoSen↑, RadioS↑, Synergy↑, Synergy↑, Synergy↑, Synergy↑, Synergy↑,
8327- LIN,    Recent updates on bioactive properties of linalool
- Review, Var, NA
*AntiCan↑, *AntiBio↑, *neuroP↑, *Stress↓, *hepatoP↑, *RenoP↑, *ROS↓, ROS↑, *Inflam↓, *toxicity↓, TumCP↓, TumCCA↑, mtDam↑, MMP↓, compI↓, compII↓, ETC↓, ATP↓, angioG↓, ChemoSen↑, *GSH↑, *MDA↓, *lipid-P↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *ALAT↓, *AST↓, chemoP↑,
8378- LT,    Luteolin and its derivatives: modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in fibrosis and cancer
- Review, Var, NA
EMT↓, TGF-β1↓, Smad1↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, Hippo↝, YAP/TEAD↓, *NRF2↑, *HO-1↑, *ROS↓, E-cadherin↑, ZO-1↑, Vim↓, CLDN1↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, Snail↓, TCF↓, Zeb1↓, angioG↓, eff↑, ROS↑, mtDam↑, MMP↓, ETC↓,
8384- LT,    Current situation and research progress of luteolin in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignant tumors
- Review, GC, NA
Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, TumCCA↑, EMT↓, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, ROS↑, P53↑, LC3II↑, Beclin-1/ATG6↑, p‑MAP2K1/MEK1↓, p‑ERK↓, BAX↑, cl‑Casp3↑, Bcl-2↓, p‑MAPK↓, DNArepair↓, HMGB1↓, XRCC1↓, ERCC3↑, CycB/CCNB1↓, CDC2↓, p‑CHK1↑, TumCCA↑, TumCP?, Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, miR-384↑, PTN↓, MMP2↓, MMP3↓, MMP9↓, MMP16↓, Ferroptosis↑, GPx4↓, Synergy↑, Ki-67↓, GSH↓, ChemoSen↑, TumCP↓, TumCMig↓, TumCI↓, PI3K↓, Akt↓, mTOR↓, NF-kB↓, NOTCH↓, miR-139-5p↑, miR-34a↑, miR-422a↑, miR-107↑, miR-21↓, miR-155↓, miR-224↓, miR-340↓, E-cadherin↑, N-cadherin↓, Vim↓, HK1↓, FOXO1↓, compI↓, compIII↓, compV↓, ETC↓, BioAv↝,
8734- M-Blu,    From Mitochondrial Function to Neuroprotection – An Emerging Role for Methylene Blue
- Review, AD, NA
*ETC↑, *compIV↑, *ROS↓, *NeuroI↓, *neuroP↑, *Stroke↓, *cognitive↑, *BBB↑, *BloodF↑, *NOS2↓, *lipid-P↓, *Inflam↓, *Synergy↑, *OCR↑, *compIV↑, *ATP↑, *Casp↓, *MMP↑, *tau↓,
8729- M-Blu,    Methylene blue modulates mitochondrial electron flow via multiple regulatory sites in isolated brain mitochondria: Implications for neurodegeneration
- in-vivo, AD, NA
*ETC↝, *compI↑, *H2O2↑, *other?,
8730- M-Blu,    Methylene blue and its potential in the treatment of traumatic brain injury, brain ischemia, and Alzheimer's disease
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*NOS2↓, *Inflam↓, *ETC↑, *Stroke↓,
8733- M-Blu,    Mitochondria as a target for neuroprotection: role of methylene blue and photobiomodulation
- Review, AD, NA - Review, Stroke, NA
*ETC↑, *ROS↓, *Inflam↓, *memfluid↑, *BloodF↑, *BBB↑, *OCR↑, *ATP↑, *BioAv↑, *Aβ↓, *compIV↑, *Stroke↓, *compI↑, *compII↑, *compIII↑, *GlucoseCon↑, *neuroG↑,
8513- MAG,    Magnolia extract is effective for the chemoprevention of oral cancer through its ability to inhibit mitochondrial respiration at complex I
- vitro+vivo, Oral, SCC4 - in-vitro, Tong, SCC9 - in-vitro, SCC, CAL27
TumCG↓, TumMeta↓, *toxicity↓, Ingr?, chemoPv↑, compI↓, mitResp↓, ETC↓, AMPK↑, STAT3↓, ox-PrxI↑, Dose↝, Ki-67↓, STAT3↓, P70S6K↓, HK2↓, survivin↓, BioAv↝, Half-Life↝, ROS↑,
4568- MF,    Extremely low-frequency pulses of faint magnetic field induce mitophagy to rejuvenate mitochondria
- Study, Var, NA
*ETC↓, *OCR↑, *MMP↑, *ROS⇅, *MMP⇅,
4571- MF,    Magnetic Fields and Reactive Oxygen Species
- Review, Var, NA
*ROS⇅, *ETC↓, Dose↝, Dose↝,
4567- MFrot,    Oncogenic pathways and the electron transport chain: a dangeROS liaison
- Review, Var, NA
ROS↑, ETC↓, other↝, Fenton↑, RNS↑,
4569- MFrot,    Case Report: A new noninvasive device-based treatment of a mesencephalic H3 K27M glioma
- Case Report, GBM, NA
Dose↝, Dose↑, Dose↑, OS↑, toxicity↓, ETC↓, ROS↑,
4566- MFrot,    On the mitochondrial aspect of reactive oxygen species action in external magnetic fields
- Study, Var, NA
ROS↑, ETC↓, selectivity↑,
186- MFrot,  MF,    Selective induction of rapid cytotoxic effect in glioblastoma cells by oscillating magnetic fields
- in-vitro, GBM, GBM - in-vitro, Lung, NA
mt-ROS↑, Casp3↑, selectivity↑, TumCD↑, ETC↓, H2O2↑, eff↓, GSH↑, MMP↓,
188- MFrot,  MF,    Spinning magnetic field patterns that cause oncolysis by oxidative stress in glioma cells
- in-vitro, GBM, GBM115 - in-vitro, GBM, DIPG
ROS↑, SDH↓, eff↓, RPM↑, eff↓, eff↑, eff↝, eff↝, Casp3↑, eff↝, SOD↓, ETC↓, compII↓,
187- MFrot,  MF,    Method for noninvasive whole-body stimulation with spinning oscillating magnetic fields and its safety in mice
- in-vivo, GBM, NA
selectivity↑, ROS↑, *ROS∅, *toxicity∅, ETC↓, TumVol↓, Dose↝,
184- MFrot,  MF,    Rotating Magnetic Fields Inhibit Mitochondrial Respiration, Promote Oxidative Stress and Produce Loss of Mitochondrial Integrity in Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, GBM, GBM
ROS↑, mitResp↓, mtDam↑, Dose↝, MMP?, OCR↓, mt-H2O2↑, eff↓, SDH↓, Thiols↓, GSH↓, TumCD↑, Casp3↑, Casp7↑, MPT↑, Cyt‑c↑, selectivity↑, GSH/GSSG↓, ETC↓,
198- MFrot,  MF,    Biological effects of rotating magnetic field: A review from 1969 to 2021
- Review, Var, NA
AntiCan↑, breath↑, Pain↓, Appetite↑, Strength↑, BowelM↑, TumMeta↓, TumCCA↑, ETC↓, MMP↓, TumCD↑, selectivity↑, ROS↑, Casp3↑, TumCG↓, TumCCA↑, ChrMod↑, TumMeta↓, Imm↑, DCells↑, Akt↓, OS⇅, toxicity↓, QoL↑, hepatoP↑, Pain↓, Weight↑, Strength↑, Sleep↑, IL6↓, CD4+↑, CD8+↑, Ca+2↑, radioP↑, chemoP↑, *BMD↑, *AntiAge↑, *AMPK↑, *P21↓, *P53↓, *mTOR↓, *OS↑, *β-Endo↑, *5HT↓,
7386- MFrot,    ONCOSCILLATORS: INDUCTION OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL PERMEABILITY TRANSITION IN CANCER CELLS
- in-vitro, Var, NA
ETC↓, H2O2↑, MPT↑,
6419- MLT,    The potential influence of melatonin on mitochondrial quality control: a review
- Review, Nor, NA
*mt-ACC⇅, *PKM1↑, *PKM2↑, *Glycolysis↝, *PDKs↑, *FAO↑, *ETC↑, *OXPHOS↑, *ATP↑, Glycolysis↓, OXPHOS↑, *Ca+2↓, *ROS↓, *antiOx↑, *SOD2↑, *GPx↑, *Catalase↑, *MFN1↑, *MFN2↑, *OPA1↑, *YAP/TEAD↑, *Hippo↑, *SIRT1↑, *PGC-1α↑, *DRP1/DNM1L↓,
8658- MLT,    Melatonin drives apoptosis in head and neck cancer by increasing mitochondrial ROS generated via reverse electron transport
- vitro+vivo, SCC, CAL27 - in-vitro, Tong, SCC9
ROS?, ETC↓, mRET↑, MMP↑, CoQ10↝, compI↑, compII↑, other↑,
5254- NCL,    The magic bullet: Niclosamide
- Review, Var, NA
Wnt↓, β-catenin/ZEB1↓, RAS↓, STAT3↓, NOTCH↓, E2Fs↓, mTOR↓, Synergy↑, PD-1↓, PD-L1↓, BioAv↝, toxicity↓, BioAv↑, ETC↑, NADH:NAD↓, TCA↑, Warburg↓, Diff↑, AMPK↑, P53↑, PP2A↑, HIF-1↓, KRAS↓, Myc↓, RadioS↑, ChemoSen↑, Dose↝, Dose↑,
4572- None,    Mitochondrial electron transport chain, ROS generation and uncoupling
- Review, Nor, NA
*UCPs↝, *ETC↝, *ROS↝,
4946- PEITC,    Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits Oxidative Phosphorylation to Trigger Reactive Oxygen Species-mediated Death of Human Prostate Cancer Cells
- in-vitro, Pca, LNCaP - in-vitro, Pca, PC3
Apoptosis↑, TumAuto↑, ROS↑, OXPHOS↓, ATP↓, selectivity↑, ETC↓, eff↓, eff↓, BAX↑,
4570- RF,    Role of Mitochondria in the Oxidative Stress Induced by Electromagnetic Fields: Focus on Reproductive Systems
- Review, Nor, NA
*ETC↓, *ROS↑, *ROS∅,

Showing Research Papers: 1 to 48 of 48

* indicates research on normal cells as opposed to diseased cells
Total Research Paper Matches: 48

Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

ARE↑, 1,   CoQ10↝, 1,   Fenton↑, 2,   GPx4↓, 2,   GSH↓, 4,   GSH↑, 1,   GSH/GSSG↓, 1,   H2O2↑, 2,   mt-H2O2↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 2,   Iron↑, 1,   lipid-P↑, 3,   MDA↑, 1,   NADH↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 4,   ox-PrxI↑, 1,   RNS↑, 1,   ROS?, 1,   ROS↓, 1,   ROS↑, 28,   mt-ROS↑, 3,   RPM↑, 1,   SOD↓, 1,   Thiols↓, 1,   Trx↑, 1,   TrxR↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

CDC2↓, 1,   compI↓, 6,   compI↑, 1,   compII↓, 2,   compII↑, 1,   compIII↓, 3,   compV↓, 1,   ETC?, 1,   ETC↓, 29,   ETC↑, 2,   ETC↝, 3,   mitResp↓, 2,   mRET↑, 1,   mtDam↑, 3,   OCR↓, 6,   OXPHOS↓, 5,   OXPHOS↑, 1,   SDH↓, 2,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

3MST/MPST↑, 1,   ACLY↑, 1,   AMPK↑, 4,   ATP↓, 6,   ATP↑, 1,   CBS↑, 1,   ECAR↓, 1,   FASN↓, 1,   G6PD↓, 1,   GLS↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↓, 1,   GlucoseCon↑, 1,   Glycolysis↓, 4,   Glycolysis↑, 1,   HK1↓, 1,   HK2↓, 2,   lactateProd↑, 1,   LDHA↓, 1,   NADH:NAD↓, 1,   NADPH↓, 1,   PDK1 / PDPK1↓, 3,   PKM2↓, 1,   SCD1↓, 1,   SREBP2↓, 1,   TCA↑, 1,   Warburg↓, 2,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Apoptosis↑, 12,   BAX↑, 4,   Bcl-2↓, 4,   Bcl-xL↓, 2,   BID↑, 1,   BIM↑, 1,   BNIP3↝, 1,   Casp↑, 4,   Casp1↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 7,   cl‑Casp3↑, 2,   Casp7↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 3,   Cupro↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 5,   FADD↑, 1,   Fas↑, 3,   FasL↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 3,   MOMP↑, 1,   p38↓, 1,   PUMA↑, 1,   survivin↓, 1,   TumCD↑, 6,   XIAP↓, 1,   YAP/TEAD↓, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

Akt↓, 5,   EGFR↓, 1,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   Hippo↝, 1,   JNK↑, 1,   p‑MAP2K1/MEK1↓, 1,   p‑MAPK↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 4,   P70S6K↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 3,   PP2A↑, 1,   RAS↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 5,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

ChrMod↑, 1,   DNMTs↓, 1,   FOXO1↓, 2,   FOXO3↓, 1,   HDAC↓, 2,   miR-107↑, 1,   miR-139-5p↑, 1,   miR-155↓, 1,   miR-21↓, 1,   miR-224↓, 1,   miR-340↓, 1,   miR-34a↑, 1,   miR-384↑, 1,   miR-422a↑, 1,   Myc↓, 1,   OCT4↓, 1,   other↑, 1,   other↝, 5,   SOX2↓, 1,   tumCV↓, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

ER Stress↑, 2,   HSP90↓, 1,   UPR↑, 2,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes(tgid=9) ⓘ

Beclin-1/ATG6↓, 1,   Beclin-1/ATG6↑, 1,   LC3II↑, 1,   TumAuto↑, 3,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

DNAdam↑, 4,   DNArepair↓, 1,   DNArepair↑, 1,   ERCC3↑, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   P53↑, 4,   PARP↓, 1,   cl‑PARP↑, 2,   PCNA↓, 2,   TRF2↓, 1,   XRCC1↓, 1,   γH2AX↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

CDK2↓, 1,   CDK4↓, 1,   p‑CHK1↑, 1,   CycB/CCNB1↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 1,   E2Fs↓, 1,   Ki-67↓, 3,   P21↑, 2,   p27/CDKN1B↑, 2,   TumCCA↑, 11,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

CD133↓, 1,   CSCs↓, 2,   Diff↑, 1,   Ki-67↓, 3,   Nanog↓, 1,   NOTCH↓, 2,   NOTCH2↑, 1,   TumCG↓, 9,   TumCP?, 1,   TumCP↓, 5,   TumCP↑, 1,   Wnt↓, 3,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

AP-1↓, 2,   Ca+2↑, 4,   E-cadherin↑, 3,   EMT↓, 3,   KRAS↓, 1,   MMP16↓, 1,   MMP2↓, 4,   MMP3↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 3,   MMPs↓, 1,   N-cadherin↓, 1,   Smad1↓, 1,   Snail↓, 2,   TGF-β1↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 2,   TumCI↑, 1,   TumCMig↓, 3,   TumCMig↑, 1,   TumMeta↓, 5,   TumMeta↑, 1,   Vim↓, 2,   Zeb1↓, 2,   β-catenin/ZEB1↓, 4,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

angioG↓, 4,   angioG↑, 1,   CD31/PECAM-1↓, 1,   HIF-1↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 4,   VEGF↓, 3,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

CellMemb↑, 2,   CLDN1↓, 1,   EPR↑, 1,   GLUT1↓, 1,   MMP?, 1,   MMP↓, 18,   MMP↑, 1,   MPT↑, 4,   ZO-1↑, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

CD4+↑, 1,   CD44↓, 1,   CD8+↑, 1,   COX2/PTGS2↓, 1,   COX2/PTGS2↑, 1,   DCells↑, 1,   HMGB1↓, 2,   IL6↓, 2,   Imm↑, 3,   MCT1↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 3,   NF-kB↑, 1,   NK cell↑, 1,   PD-1↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 1,   TCF↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

PTN↓, 1,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors(tgid=20) ⓘ

SXR↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↓, 1,   BioAv↑, 2,   BioAv↝, 3,   ChemoSen↑, 7,   CYP3A4↓, 1,   DDS↑, 1,   Dose↓, 1,   Dose↑, 4,   Dose↝, 11,   eff↓, 7,   eff↑, 8,   eff↝, 3,   Half-Life↝, 1,   P450↓, 1,   RadioS↑, 3,   selectivity↑, 12,   selectivity↝, 1,   Synergy↑, 9,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

EGFR↓, 1,   HER2/EBBR2↓, 1,   hTERT/TERT↓, 1,   IL6↓, 2,   KRAS↓, 1,   Myc↓, 1,   PD-L1↓, 1,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiCan↑, 3,   Appetite↑, 1,   BowelM↑, 1,   breath↑, 1,   chemoP↑, 2,   chemoPv↑, 2,   hepatoP↑, 1,   OS↑, 1,   OS⇅, 1,   Pain↓, 2,   QoL↑, 1,   radioP↑, 1,   Risk↓, 1,   Sleep↑, 1,   Strength↑, 2,   toxicity↓, 4,   TumVol↓, 1,   Weight↑, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

GutMicro↑, 1,  

Ingredients & Constituents(tgid=25) ⓘ

Ingr?, 2,  
Total Targets: 274

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells:


Redox & Oxidative Stress(tgid=1) ⓘ

antiOx↑, 3,   Catalase↑, 1,   CoQ10↑, 1,   GPx↑, 1,   GSH↑, 1,   H2O2↑, 1,   HO-1↑, 2,   lipid-P↓, 2,   MDA↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 2,   ROS↓, 10,   ROS↑, 2,   ROS⇅, 2,   ROS↝, 1,   ROS∅, 2,   mt-ROS↑, 1,   SOD2↑, 1,   UCPs↝, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics(tgid=3) ⓘ

compI↓, 1,   compI↑, 3,   compII↑, 1,   compIII↓, 1,   compIII↑, 1,   compIV↑, 3,   DRP1/DNM1L↓, 1,   ETC↓, 4,   ETC↑, 6,   ETC↝, 3,   MFN1↑, 1,   MFN2↑, 1,   mitResp↑, 1,   OCR↑, 3,   OPA1↑, 1,   OXPHOS↑, 1,   PGC-1α↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis(tgid=4) ⓘ

mt-ACC⇅, 1,   ALAT↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 1,   ATP↓, 1,   ATP↑, 4,   FAO↑, 1,   GlucoseCon↑, 1,   Glycolysis↝, 1,   PDKs↑, 1,   PKM1↑, 1,   PKM2↑, 1,   SIRT1↑, 2,  

Cell Death(tgid=5) ⓘ

Casp↓, 1,   Casp1↓, 1,   Casp3↓, 1,   Casp9↓, 1,   Cyt‑c↓, 1,   YAP/TEAD↑, 1,  

Kinase & Signal Transduction(tgid=6) ⓘ

Akt↓, 1,   Hippo↑, 1,   JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 1,   mTOR↓, 1,   PI3K↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics(tgid=7) ⓘ

other?, 1,   other↑, 2,   other↝, 2,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress(tgid=8) ⓘ

CHOP/DDIT3↑, 1,   cl‑eIF2α↑, 1,   GRP78/BiP↑, 1,   HSP70/HSPA5↑, 1,   HSPs↑, 1,   p‑PERK↑, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair(tgid=10) ⓘ

P53↓, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence(tgid=11) ⓘ

P21↓, 1,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State(tgid=12) ⓘ

neuroG↑, 1,  

Migration(tgid=13) ⓘ

Ca+2↓, 1,   MMP9↓, 1,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature(tgid=14) ⓘ

Hif1a↑, 1,  

Barriers & Transport(tgid=15) ⓘ

BBB↑, 3,   memfluid↑, 1,   MMP↑, 3,   MMP⇅, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling(tgid=16) ⓘ

COX1↓, 1,   COX2/PTGS2↓, 1,   CXCR4↓, 1,   IL17↓, 1,   IL18↓, 1,   IL1β↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 5,   NeuroI↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 1,   PGE2↓, 1,   TNF-α↓, 1,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission(tgid=18) ⓘ

5HT↓, 1,   β-Endo↑, 1,  

Protein Aggregation(tgid=19) ⓘ

Aβ↓, 1,   tau↓, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance(tgid=21) ⓘ

BioAv↑, 1,   Dose⇅, 1,   eff↑, 1,   eff↝, 1,   Synergy↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers(tgid=22) ⓘ

ALAT↓, 1,   AST↓, 1,   BloodF↑, 2,   BMD↑, 1,   CRP↓, 1,   IL6↓, 1,   NOS2↓, 2,  

Functional Outcomes(tgid=23) ⓘ

AntiAge↑, 3,   AntiCan↑, 1,   cognitive↑, 1,   hepatoP↓, 1,   hepatoP↑, 1,   neuroP↑, 4,   OS↑, 1,   RenoP↑, 1,   Stress↓, 1,   Stroke↓, 3,   toxicity↓, 3,   toxicity↝, 1,   toxicity∅, 1,  

Infection & Microbiome(tgid=24) ⓘ

AntiBio↑, 1,   AntiViral↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 121

Scientific Paper Hit Count for: ETC, Electron Transport Chain
9 Magnetic Field Rotating
7 Magnetic Fields
5 Electrical Pulses
4 Methylene blue
3 Coenzyme Q10
2 Silver-NanoParticles
2 Phenethyl isothiocyanate
2 Luteolin
2 Melatonin
1 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
1 Bufalin/Huachansu
1 Bullatacin
1 Capsaicin
1 Celastrol
1 Copper and Cu NanoParticles
1 Curcumin
1 Deguelin
1 Diclofenac
1 Dandelion Root
1 Ginkgo biloba
1 Ginseng
1 hydrogen sulfide
1 Isothiocyanates
1 Allyl isothiocyanate
1 Benzyl isothiocyanate
1 Sulforaphane (mainly Broccoli)
1 Linalool
1 Magnolol
1 Niclosamide (Niclocide)
1 None
1 EMF
Query results interpretion may depend on "conditions" listed in the research papers.
Such Conditions may include : 
  -low or high Dose
  -format for product, such as nano of lipid formations
  -different cell line effects
  -synergies with other products 
  -if effect was for normal or cancerous cells

Filter Conditions: Pro/AntiFlg:%  IllCat:%  CanType:%  Cells:%  prod#:%  Target#:1386  State#:%  Dir#:%
  wNotes=0  sortOrder:rid,rpid

 

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