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MicroRNA-149 (miR-149; mature strands
miR-149-5p and miR-149-3p) is a small
non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression by binding target mRNAs and
promoting transcript degradation or translational repression. In many
cancers, particularly digestive, reproductive, renal, lung, breast, and bone
malignancies, miR-149 ↓ is the more commonly reported
pattern and miR-149 functions as a tumour suppressor. Restoration or
miR-149 ↑ can inhibit cancer-cell proliferation,
migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and treatment
resistance, while promoting apoptosis in susceptible models. Reported
downstream targets and pathways include AKT, FOXM1, TGF-β/SMAD,
WNT/β-catenin, NOTCH, and the TWEAK/Fn14 axis. However, miR-149 can act
as an oncogenic microRNA in selected cancers, so its direction must be
recorded according to tumour type, mature strand, specimen, and experimental
context. Do not combine miR-149-5p and miR-149-3p results when the strand is
identified.
Cancer review;
Tumour-suppressive example.
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