| Mitochondrial Complex V - ATP Synthase / F1Fo ATP Synthase
Abbreviation: Complex V, ATP synthase, F1Fo-ATP synthase
Type: Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation complex / ATP-producing enzyme complex
Function: Mitochondrial Complex V is the ATP synthase of the inner mitochondrial membrane. It uses the proton-motive force generated by respiratory-chain Complexes I, III, and IV to phosphorylate ADP to ATP. Complex V consists of a membrane-embedded Fo proton-translocation domain and a matrix-facing F1 catalytic domain and is composed of multiple nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded subunits.
Cancer: ↕ Context-dependent. Complex V activity and expression are altered during cancer metabolic reprogramming. Tumors dependent on oxidative phosphorylation may maintain or increase ATP synthase activity to support ATP production, growth, survival, and treatment resistance, whereas glycolytic tumors may show reduced oxidative-phosphorylation activity. Individual ATP synthase subunits can display tumor-specific increases or decreases.
Alzheimer's Disease: ↓ Impaired mitochondrial Complex V activity and ATP production are associated with Alzheimer's disease. Altered ATP synthase subunit expression, oxidative damage, mitochondrial membrane dysfunction, and reduced oxidative phosphorylation contribute to cellular energy failure, synaptic dysfunction, and neuronal vulnerability.
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