tbResList Print — VitK2 Vitamin K2

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VitK2 Vitamin K2
Description: <b>Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) </b><br>
Menaquinone-4 (MK-4), a subtype of vitamin K2
Helps blood clot, calcium metabolise and heart health.<br>
Bone health: Vitamin K2 helps to regulate calcium levels in the body, which can help to prevent conditions such as osteoporosis and fractures.<br>
Vitamin K2 has been studied for its potential role in cancer prevention and treatment. Some of the key findings include:<br>
-Shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, including those found in leukemia, lung cancer, and prostate cancer.<br>
-Shown to induce apoptosis (cell death) in cancer cells, which can help to prevent the spread of cancer.<br>
-Shown to have anti-angiogenic effects, which means it can help to prevent the formation of new blood vessels that feed cancer cells.<br>
-Synergistic effects with other nutrients, such as vitamin D and calcium, to enhance its anti-cancer effects.<br>
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UBIAD1 is the enzyme that makes MK-4 inside tissues<br>
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Vitamin K2 exists in several forms known as menaquinones, with MK-4 and MK-7 being the most studied. MK-4 is often used in Japan for therapeutic purposes, whereas MK-7 (derived from bacterial fermentation) is widely available as a supplement in Western countries.<br>
For bone and cardiovascular health—and by extension, exploring potential anticancer benefits—doses for MK-7 commonly range from 90 to 200 micrograms per day.<br>
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Pathway results for Effect on Cancer / Diseased Cells

Redox & Oxidative Stress

Ferroptosis↑, 1,   ROS↑, 13,   i-ROS↑, 1,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics

ATP↓, 1,   MEK↓, 1,   MMP↓, 6,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis

ACC↓, 1,   AMPK↑, 2,   cMyc↓, 2,   GlucoseCon↑, 2,   Glycolysis↑, 1,   HK2↑, 1,   HSD17B4↓, 1,   lactateProd↑, 3,   LDHA↑, 1,   PDH↓, 1,   TCA↓, 1,  

Cell Death

Akt↓, 1,   Akt↑, 2,   Akt↝, 1,   p‑Akt↑, 1,   Apoptosis↑, 6,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Casp↑, 1,   Casp3↑, 5,   pro‑Casp3↑, 1,   Casp7↑, 1,   Casp8↑, 1,   Casp9↑, 1,   Cyt‑c↑, 5,   Fas↑, 1,   FasL↑, 1,   Ferroptosis↑, 1,   JNK↑, 1,   p‑JNK↑, 1,   MAPK↓, 2,   p‑MAPK↑, 1,   p27↑, 1,   p38↑, 2,   p‑p38↑, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics

cJun↑, 1,   other↑, 4,   tumCV↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes

p62↓, 1,   TumAuto↑, 4,  

DNA Damage & Repair

DNAdam↑, 2,   p‑P53↑, 1,  

Cell Cycle & Senescence

CDK4↓, 1,   cycD1/CCND1↓, 3,   TumCCA↓, 1,   TumCCA↑, 4,  

Proliferation, Differentiation & Cell State

EMT↓, 1,   ERK↓, 1,   ERK↑, 2,   p‑ERK↓, 1,   mTORC1↓, 1,   PI3K↑, 2,   PI3K↝, 1,   RAS↓, 1,   STAT3↓, 2,   TumCG↓, 5,   Wnt↓, 1,  

Migration

Akt2↓, 1,   MMPs↓, 1,   PKCδ↓, 3,   Rho↓, 1,   TumCI↓, 1,   TumCP↓, 5,   TumMeta↓, 2,  

Angiogenesis & Vasculature

ECM/TCF↓, 1,   Hif1a↓, 1,   Hif1a↑, 2,   Hif1a↝, 1,  

Barriers & Transport

GLUT1↑, 1,   P-gp↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling

IKKα↓, 1,   NF-kB↓, 4,  

Hormonal & Nuclear Receptors

AR↓, 1,   SXR↑, 1,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance

BioAv↑, 1,   ChemoSen↓, 1,   ChemoSen↑, 6,   Dose∅, 1,   eff↓, 9,   eff↑, 11,   RadioS↑, 1,   selectivity↑, 1,  

Clinical Biomarkers

AR↓, 1,   BMD↑, 2,  

Functional Outcomes

AntiCan↑, 3,   cardioP↑, 1,   ChemoSideEff↓, 1,   OS↑, 1,   Remission↑, 1,   Risk↓, 5,   Risk∅, 1,   toxicity∅, 3,   TumVol↓, 1,  
Total Targets: 99

Pathway results for Effect on Normal Cells

Redox & Oxidative Stress

antiOx↑, 3,   GSH↑, 1,   HO-1↓, 1,   HO-1↑, 1,   Keap1↓, 1,   NRF2↑, 1,   PARK2↑, 1,   ROS↓, 9,  

Mitochondria & Bioenergetics

ATP↑, 1,   MMP↑, 2,   MMP↓, 1,   PINK1↑, 1,  

Core Metabolism/Glycolysis

12LOX↓, 2,   ALAT↓, 1,  

Cell Death

Apoptosis↓, 2,   BAX↑, 1,   Bcl-2↓, 1,   Casp1↓, 1,   iNOS↓, 2,   p38↓, 1,  

Transcription & Epigenetics

Ach↑, 1,   other↝, 1,   other↓, 1,  

Protein Folding & ER Stress

ER Stress↓, 1,  

Autophagy & Lysosomes

LC3A↑, 1,   p62↓, 1,  

DNA Damage & Repair

DNAdam↓, 1,  

Migration

TGF-β↓, 1,   TIMP1↓, 1,  

Immune & Inflammatory Signaling

COX2↓, 2,   IL1β↓, 1,   Inflam↓, 4,   NF-kB↓, 3,   TNF-α↓, 2,  

Synaptic & Neurotransmission

BDNF↑, 1,   p‑tau↓, 2,  

Protein Aggregation

Aβ↓, 3,  

Drug Metabolism & Resistance

Dose↝, 2,  

Clinical Biomarkers

ALAT↓, 1,   Albumin↑, 1,   AST↓, 1,   BMD↑, 1,   Calcium↝, 1,  

Functional Outcomes

cardioP↑, 2,   cognitive↑, 5,   hepatoP↑, 1,   memory↑, 3,   neuroP↑, 2,   Risk↓, 1,   toxicity↓, 2,   toxicity↑, 1,  
Total Targets: 51

Research papers

Year Title Authors PMID Link Flag
2024Cancer cell stiffening via CoQ10 and UBIAD1 regulates ECM signaling and ferroptosis in breast cancerGiovanni Tosihttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-52523-y0
2018Case Report of Unexpectedly Long Survival of Patient With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Why Integrative Methods MatterGregory HaskinPMC6380985https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6380985/0
2025Unraveling the molecular mechanisms of vitamin deficiency in Alzheimer's disease pathophysiologyVipul Sharmahttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S26670321250000710
2025Vitamins in the Prevention and Support Therapy of Neurodegenerative DiseasesKarolina Orywalhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/3/13330
2024Vitamin K: New insights related to senescence and cancer metastasisAnqi Chenhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304419X230020680
2023Vitamin K2 protects against aluminium chloride-mediated neurodegenerationKaberi Chatterjee37477796https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37477796/0
2023The biological responses of vitamin K2: A comprehensive reviewQuanxiang Yanhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/fsn3.32130
2023New insights on vitamin K biology with relevance to cancerJoEllen WelshPMC9509427https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9509427/0
2023Vitamin K Intake and Risk of Lung Cancer: The Japan Collaborative Cohort StudyFangyu YanPMC10483107https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10483107/0
2022Vitamin K2 Modulates Mitochondrial Dysfunction Induced by 6-Hydroxydopamine in SH-SY5Y Cells via Mitochondrial Quality-Control LoopHengfang TangPMC9003256https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9003256/0
2022New insights into vitamin K biology with relevance to cancerJoEllen WelshPMC9509427https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9509427/0
2022Vitamin K Contribution to DNA Damage—Advantage or Disadvantage? A Human Health ResponseJulia Kaźmierczak-BarańskaPMC9611527https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9611527/0
2022Vitamin K2 (MK-7) Intercepts Keap-1/Nrf-2/HO-1 Pathway and Hinders Inflammatory/Apoptotic Signaling and Liver Aging in Naturally Aging RatMohamed El-SherbinyPMC9687029https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9687029/0
2022Delivery of the reduced form of vitamin K2(20) to NIH/3T3 cells partially protects against rotenone induced cell deathErina TokiPMC9674836https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9674836/0
2022Role of Vitamin K in Selected Malignant Neoplasms in WomenAnna MarkowskaPMC9413298https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9413298/0
2022Vitamin K: A novel cancer chemosensitizerSameena Gulhttps://iubmb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/bab.23120
2021Vitamin K2 Holds Promise for Alzheimer's Prevention and TreatmentAlexander PopescuPMC8308377https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8308377/0
2020Vitamin K2 promotes PI3K/AKT/HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis that leads to AMPK-dependent autophagic cell death in bladder cancer cellsFengsen DuanPMC7206016https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7206016/0
2020Vitamin K2 induces non-apoptotic cell death along with autophagosome formation in breast cancer cell linesShinsuke Miyazawa31625014https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31625014/0
2019Mechanisms of PKC-Mediated Enhancement of HIF-1α Activity and its Inhibition by Vitamin K2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma CellsJinghe XiaPMC6429062https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6429062/0
2019Divergent effects of vitamins K1 and K2 on triple negative breast cancer cellsSarah BeaudinPMC6481349https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6481349/0
2019Vitamin K intake and prostate cancer risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening TrialMargaret Hoyt30624568https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30624568/0
2018Research progress on the anticancer effects of vitamin K2Fan XvPMC5958717https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5958717/0
2018Vitamin K: Redox-modulation, prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and anticancer effectDonika Ivanovahttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S22132317183009340
2017Vitamin K and its analogs: Potential avenues for prostate cancer managementSubramanyam DasariPMC5593683https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5593683/0
2016Vitamin K2 Induces Mitochondria-Related Apoptosis in Human Bladder Cancer Cells via ROS and JNK/p38 MAPK Signal PathwaysFengsen DuanPMC5003392https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5003392/0
2016Vitamin K2 suppresses rotenone-induced microglial activation in vitroYan-xia YuPMC5022102https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5022102/0
2011Vitamin K2 stimulates osteoblastogenesis and suppresses osteoclastogenesis by suppressing NF-κB activationMasayoshi Yamaguchi21072493https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21072493/0
2010Vitamin K prevents oxidative cell death by inhibiting activation of 12-lipoxygenase in developing oligodendrocytesJianrong LiPMC2911960https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2911960/0
2010Vitamin K2 Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Proliferation by Binding to 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 4Xin LuPMC8630649https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8630649/0
2007Vitamins K2, K3 and K5 exert antitumor effects on established colorectal cancer in mice by inducing apoptotic death of tumor cellsMutsumi Ogawa17611688https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17611688/0
2006The mechanisms of vitamin K2-induced apoptosis of myeloma cellsTakayuki Tsujioka16670066https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16670066/0
2001The possible role of vitamin K deficiency in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and in augmenting brain damage associated with cardiovascular diseaseA C Allison11461163https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11461163/0
1991Menadione-induced DNA damage in a human tumor cell lineE O Ngo1741774https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1741774/0
2024Vitamin KNIHhttps://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/vitaminK-HealthProfessional/0
2003The anticancer effects of vitamin KDavis W Lamson12946240https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12946240/0