SMAD1 is a member of the SMAD family of proteins that are key intracellular mediators of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway. BMP/SMAD signaling plays a variety of roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and migration.
In some cancers, altered SMAD1 expression has been reported. For example, reduced expression can compromise the tumor-suppressive BMP signaling in some contexts, potentially allowing for unchecked cell proliferation.
In other scenarios, particularly where BMP signaling promotes tumor progression or metastasis, elevated SMAD1 might be associated with a more aggressive phenotype.
In cancers where SMAD1 functions predominantly as a tumor suppressor (via proper BMP signaling), lower levels of SMAD1 might be associated with a poorer prognosis.
Conversely, in tumors where BMP signaling contributes to invasion or metastasis, higher SMAD1 expression may correlate with aggressive disease and worse outcomes.
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