MKK4 (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase 4), also known as MAP2K4 or SEK1, is a dual-specificity kinase that plays a role in activating the stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) including the Jun N-terminal Kinases (JNKs) and p38 pathways. These signaling cascades are involved in cellular responses to stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
In some contexts, MKK4 is considered a tumor suppressor since its activation may trigger apoptosis or cell-cycle arrest in response to oncogenic stress.
However, there are instances where increased MKK4 activity is associated with cancer progression, potentially through its roles in cell migration or by promoting a tumor-promoting inflammatory microenvironment.
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