Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing peroxidase most commonly associated with neutrophils and certain other myeloid cells. It plays a critical role in the innate immune response by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the respiratory burst, which can destroy pathogens.
MPO is predominantly expressed in neutrophils and monocytes, where it catalyzes the formation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and other ROS from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ions.
The generation of ROS by MPO is essential for antimicrobial defense; however, these reactive molecules can also induce oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment.
MPO is not typically expressed by tumor cells themselves, but high levels can be found in tumor-infiltrating immune cells (e.g., neutrophils) or in areas of chronic inflammation.
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