PGD2 is one of several prostaglandins produced through the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway, primarily via the action of hematopoietic and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthases (HPGDS and L-PGDS, respectively). It plays roles in inflammation, immune modulation, and cellular signals that can influence tumor development and progression.
PGD2 is a prostaglandin with complex roles in cancer biology, mediating processes such as inflammation, immune modulation, and cellular differentiation. In various cancers—including breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, and ovarian cancers—alterations in PGD2 production or PGD2 synthase expression have been reported. Often, higher PGD2 signaling correlates with more favorable outcomes, likely through mechanisms involving anti-inflammatory, pro-differentiation, and pro-apoptotic effects. However, the effects of PGD2 can be context-dependent.
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