The balance between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and its inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), is critical in regulating extracellular matrix remodeling.
A high MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio—reflecting either elevated MMP-9 levels, reduced TIMP-1 levels, or both—has been consistently associated with increased invasiveness, metastasis, and poorer prognosis in multiple cancer types including breast, lung, and colorectal cancers.
• This ratio is being explored as a potential biomarker for tumor aggressiveness and may aid in patient stratification, treatment decision-making, and monitoring therapeutic responses.
For sepsis:
Although both MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were found equally elevated in sepsis, a decrease in the MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio is significantly associated with severity and mortality.
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