HMGB1 is a nuclear protein that plays key roles in DNA architecture and regulation of transcription; however, when released extracellularly it can act as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), influencing immune responses and affecting tumor progression.
Overexpression of HMGB1, particularly when associated with increased extracellular release, is frequently correlated with enhanced tumor aggressiveness, metastasis, and poorer survival across several cancer types including breast, colorectal, lung, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers.
• Its critical involvement in inflammation and immune modulation makes HMGB1 an attractive candidate for targeted therapeutic intervention as well as a potential prognostic marker.
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