Estrogen is a hormone that plays a crucial role in the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics.
Estrogen can promote the growth of certain types of breast cancer cells. Many breast cancers are hormone receptor-positive, meaning they have receptors for estrogen.
Estrogen expression in cancer primarily refers to the presence and activity of estrogen receptors (ER) in various types of tumors, particularly breast and endometrial cancers.
There are two main types of estrogen receptors: ERα and ERβ. These receptors are proteins that, when bound by estrogen, can regulate the expression of target genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and survival.
Treatments for ER-positive breast cancer often include selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) like tamoxifen, which block estrogen's effects, and aromatase inhibitors, which reduce estrogen production in the body.
Estrogen binds to estrogen receptors (ERα and ERβ), promoting cell proliferation and survival.
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