Thymidylate synthase (TS) is a key enzyme responsible for catalyzing the methylation of deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP) to deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP), a crucial step in the synthesis of thymidine—one of the four nucleotides required for DNA replication and repair.
Due to its essential role in DNA synthesis, TS is a critical target for chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and other antifolates.
Many cancers exhibit elevated levels of TS expression compared to normal tissues.
High TS expression can contribute to rapid cell proliferation and tumor growth by ensuring a sufficient supply of thymidine for DNA synthesis.
Thymidylate synthase (TS) plays a central role in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation, making it a critical enzyme in cancer biology. Overexpression of TS is commonly observed in a range of tumor types and is associated with increased cellular proliferation, drug resistance, and generally poorer clinical outcomes. As both a therapeutic target and a prognostic marker, TS levels offer insight into tumor aggressiveness and potential responsiveness to chemotherapeutic agents.
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