CD14 is a co-receptor that recognizes several ligands, including bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and other pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). It plays a pivotal role in innate immunity by identifying danger signals.
CD14 works in close cooperation with Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR4.
CD14 is highly expressed in myeloid cells within the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and certain dendritic cell subsets.
A high prevalence of CD14⁺ cells within the tumor microenvironment is associated with chronic inflammation, which in turn can contribute to tumor progression, angiogenesis, and eventual metastasis.
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