Paraptosis is a form of programmed cell death that differs morphologically from apoptosis.
– Key features include pronounced cytoplasmic vacuolation, mitochondrial and/or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) swelling, and the absence of classical apoptotic markers (such as caspase activation, DNA fragmentation, and membrane blebbing).
– It is considered a caspase-independent cell death mechanism.
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