Karos is a zinc finger transcription factor encoded by the IKZF1 gene. It is primarily known for its important roles in:
Hematopoiesis and lymphoid lineage development.
Regulation of gene expression during immune cell differentiation.
Chromatin remodeling and modulation of key signaling pathways in the immune system.
Because of its central role in lymphocyte development, Ikaros has been studied extensively in the context of hematological malignancies.
In a significant subset of B-cell ALL, particularly those with high-risk features, genomic alterations in IKZF1 are frequently observed. These genetic abnormalities often lead to reduced or dysfunctional Ikaros protein.
In ALL, particularly pediatric and adult cases, IKZF1 deletions or mutations are associated with a poor prognosis. This is reflected in shorter event-free survival, higher relapse rates, and overall poorer clinical outcomes.
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