GSTA1 belongs to the glutathione S-transferase (GST) superfamily of enzymes. These enzymes catalyze the conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to a variety of electrophilic substrates, thereby aiding in their detoxification.
By facilitating the detoxification of reactive metabolites, carcinogens, and drugs, GSTA1 helps protect cells against oxidative stress and chemical-induced damage.
In tumor cells, upregulation of GSTA1 may be a defensive response to increased oxidative stress. While this can protect normal cells, in a tumor setting, enhanced detoxification may allow cancer cells to survive in a hostile microenvironment.
Elevated levels of GSTA1 have been linked to resistance to chemotherapy. As GSTA1 helps metabolize and clear chemotherapeutic agents, its overexpression in tumors can contribute to treatment resistance
-GSTA1 expression levels are being evaluated as a prognostic marker. In some studies, its overexpression has correlated with aggressive tumor behavior, higher rates of recurrence, and reduced overall survival.
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