Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) are enzymes that catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histones, leading to chromatin modifications that regulate gene expression. Altered expression and activity of various HMTs have been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapy. However, given the diversity of HMT family members (e.g., EZH2, SETDB1, SUV39H1/2, DOT1L, MLL family members), the prognostic associations can vary considerably depending on the specific enzyme and cancer type.
– High levels of some HMTs (e.g., EZH2) are often linked to advanced disease stage and poorer survival
• Enzyme-Specific Effects: The prognostic value largely depends on which HMT is altered. For instance, while overexpression of EZH2 is commonly a marker of poor prognosis, some HMTs may act as tumor suppressors, and their loss could be associated with aggressive behavior.
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