Complement Receptor Type 3 (CR‐3), also known as Mac-1 or integrin αMβ2
CR‐3 is mainly expressed on immune cells such as macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells and plays a role in immune complex clearance, cell adhesion, and phagocytosis.
– CR‐3 is critical in mediating phagocytosis, cytotoxicity, and the clearance of opsonized pathogens and cellular debris.
– In the tumor microenvironment, CR‐3–expressing immune cells can contribute to both anti-tumor responses and, in some contexts, protumoral inflammation.
– The expression or activation state of CR‐3 on tumor-associated immune cells has been studied as a potential marker of the immune microenvironment’s status.
– In some reports, a higher presence or activation of CR‐3–positive immune cells correlates with more effective immune surveillance and better outcomes, suggesting an anti-tumor role.
– Conversely, if CR‐3 engagement promotes a protumoral inflammatory milieu (for example, by favoring the accumulation of immunosuppressive or M2-type macrophages), then higher CR‐3 activity may be associated with poorer prognosis.
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