HMG‐CoA (3‐hydroxy-3‐methylglutaryl‐coenzyme A)
HMG‐CoA is not a single enzyme but rather a key metabolic intermediate in the mevalonate pathway that underlies cholesterol and isoprenoid biosynthesis.
– HMG‐CoA is a pivotal intermediate formed from acetyl‐CoA (via the enzyme HMG‐CoA synthase) that subsequently undergoes reduction (via HMG‐CoA reductase) to produce mevalonate.
– The mevalonate pathway supplies cholesterol and other isoprenoids, which are essential for membrane biogenesis, protein prenylation, and other cellular functions that support cell proliferation and survival.
– The availability of HMG‐CoA and subsequent metabolites has implications for modifying cell signaling pathways, including those involved in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis.
– Markers of an activated mevalonate pathway (such as increased expression of HMG‐CoA synthase or HMG‐CoA reductase) have been associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes in several cancer types, including breast, prostate, and liver cancers.
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