Lipid deposition refers to the process by which lipids (fats) accumulate in tissues.
Key Markers Implicated in Lipid Deposition with Prognostic Relevance
Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN):key enzyme in de novo lipogenesis, catalyzing the synthesis of palmitate.
-Frequently overexpressed in cancers, associated with aggressive tumor behavior, resistance to therapy, and poorer overall survival.
SREBP-1: A transcription factor that upregulates lipogenic genes (including FASN, ACC, and SCD1).
-Overactive in various cancers, correlates with enhanced lipogenesis, increased proliferation, and worse prognosis.
ACC:Catalyzes the conversion of acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, a crucial step in fatty acid synthesis.
-Overactivity may contribute to increased lipid deposition in tumors, promoting growth and associated with poor outcomes.
SCD1: Catalyzes the desaturation of saturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids, important for membrane fluidity and signaling.
-Upregulated in cancers, linked to tumor progression, resistance to apoptosis, and a poorer prognosis.
CD36: A fatty acid translocase that facilitates the uptake of long-chain fatty acids and is involved in lipid storage.
-Overexpression in various cancer, associated with metastatic potential and worse clinical outcomes.
FABPs, (FABP4 and FABP5): Intracellular lipid chaperones that help transport fatty acids and other lipids within cells.
-Typically Increased expression in cancers, may correlate with increased lipid uptake/storage, contributing to tumor aggressiveness and poorer survival in some cancer types.
Lipid Droplet–Associated Proteins (Perilipins PLIN2 and PLIN3)
-Involved in the formation and regulation of lipid droplets, which serve as intracellular lipid storage organelles.
-Increased lipid droplet accumulation has been linked to chemotherapy resistance and a worse prognosis in certain cancers.
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