Calreticulin (CRT) is a multifunctional protein principally located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where it plays key roles in calcium homeostasis, protein folding, and quality control. It has also emerged as an important player in cancer biology and immunogenic cell death.
CRT expression can be upregulated in certain cancers, where it may be associated with an active unfolded protein response (UPR) or stress conditions in the tumor microenvironment.
-In some cancers, elevated CRT expression has been correlated with improved outcomes due to its role in enhancing immunogenic cell death. For instance, when CRT is externalized on the surface of dying tumor cells, it can facilitate a robust anti-tumor immune response.
-Conversely, in other cancer types, high CRT levels may be associated with tumor progression, metastasis, or poor clinical outcomes—likely because CRT might also contribute to tumor cell migration or cell survival under stressful conditions.
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