Hyperglycemia is defined as elevated blood glucose levels and may result from diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, or stress-induced metabolic changes.
– Elevated glucose levels provide abundant energy resources, potentially facilitating rapid tumor cell division and growth.
– Some cancers upregulate glucose transporters (such as GLUT1) to utilize the increased availability of glucose.
Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage:
– Hyperglycemia is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs).
– Both ROS and AGEs can lead to DNA damage, genomic instability, and alterations in cell signaling pathways that promote tumor progression.
– Studies have linked hyperglycemia with increased tumor aggressiveness in several cancer types, including breast, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers.
– Patients with hyperglycemia may experience more rapid disease progression and a higher likelihood of metastasis.
– In some cases, elevated glucose levels have been associated with chemotherapy resistance and decreased sensitivity to radiation therapy.
– Effective control of blood sugar through dietary interventions, medications (e.g., insulin, metformin), and lifestyle modifications may beneficially impact cancer outcomes.
– Regular monitoring of blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) can inform oncologists about potential metabolic challenges during cancer treatment.
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