HbA1c is a glycated form of hemoglobin that reflects the average blood glucose concentration over the previous two to three months.
– It is commonly used in the clinical management of diabetes to monitor long-term blood sugar control.
– Since hyperglycemia has been linked to oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation, HbA1c serves as an indirect indicator of metabolic dysfunction.
– Cancer cells often reprogram metabolic pathways to support growth; systemic metabolic status (reflected by HbA1c) can influence tumor behavior.
– Chronic hyperglycemia (and thus elevated HbA1c) may lead to a pro-inflammatory state and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), potentially affecting tumor progression.
– Several clinical studies have found that cancer patients with high HbA1c levels tend to have poorer overall survival compared to those with controlled glycemic levels.
– Elevated HbA1c may be associated with more aggressive tumor characteristics, treatment resistance, and higher incidence of treatment-related complications.
– In cancers such as colorectal, breast, and pancreatic, metabolic disturbances indicated by increased HbA1c have been linked to unfavorable prognostic outcomes.
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