IFN-γ is a cytokine produced primarily by activated T lymphocytes (CD4⁺ Th1, CD8⁺ cytotoxic T cells) and natural killer (NK) cells.
– It plays a central role in orchestrating immune responses against pathogens and tumor cells by enhancing antigen presentation and activating immune effector mechanisms.
– IFN-γ can promote antitumor immunity by activating macrophages, NK cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
– It enhances the presentation of tumor antigens, thereby facilitating the immune system’s ability to target and eliminate cancer cells.
• Its expression and signaling within the tumor microenvironment are generally associated with a robust immune response and, in many cases, a favorable prognosis—particularly in tumors deemed "immunologically hot."
• Dual Role:
– While IFN-γ typically supports immune-mediated tumor suppression, chronic exposure to IFN-γ within the tumor microenvironment may contribute to immune editing and the selection of tumor cell variants that are resistant to immune attack.
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