GSSG (oxidized glutathione) is a component of the cellular redox system rather than a protein or signaling molecule produced de novo. Its levels, often evaluated along with its reduced counterpart (GSH), serve as an important index of cellular oxidative stress and redox balance.
– GSSG is generated when glutathione (GSH) neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) by donating electrons; in doing so, GSH is oxidized to GSSG.
– The GSH/GSSG ratio is a sensitive marker of the intracellular redox state. Under conditions of oxidative stress (commonly observed in many cancers), this ratio often shifts toward increased GSSG.
– Elevated GSSG levels (or an increased GSSG/GSH ratio) can indicate that cancer cells are under oxidative stress, which has implications both for cancer progression and for sensitivity to certain treatments.
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