MKP-1 and MKP-2 belong to the dual-specificity phosphatase family and are key regulators of MAPK signaling pathways (including ERK, JNK, and p38), which are central to cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.
-By dephosphorylating MAPKs, these phosphatases help maintain signaling homeostasis and protect cells against excessive or prolonged MAPK activation that could lead to cell death or uncontrolled proliferation.
-MKP-1 is frequently upregulated in various cancers, including breast, lung, and ovarian cancers, where it may serve as a feedback inhibitor of MAPK pathways.
- In some studies, high MKP-1 levels have been linked to resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as enhanced deactivation of MAPKs can reduce apoptosis in response to treatment-induced stress.
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