Histones play a crucial role in regulating gene expression, and this regulatory mechanism is central to many aspects of brain development, function, and plasticity.
-Histone Acetylation: Often associated with active gene transcription. Enzymes known as histone acetyltransferases (HATs) add acetyl groups that reduce the positive charge on histones, weakening their interaction with the negatively charged DNA and thereby promoting gene expression.
-Histone Methylation: Depending on the specific amino acid residue and the number of methyl groups added, histone methylation can either activate or repress transcription. For instance, methylation on lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4me) is commonly linked to gene activation, whereas methylation on lysine 9 (H3K9me) is typically associated with gene repression.
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