In the liver, H₂S is produced endogenously through the enzymatic activity of cystathionine β‐synthase (CBS), cystathionine γ‐lyase (CSE), and the mitochondrial 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST).
– In the liver, H₂S participates in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and controlling oxidative stress, with a dual role depending on its concentration and context.
At low-to-moderate levels, H₂S generally supports cytoprotection, angiogenesis, and pro-survival pathways. In contrast, high levels of H₂S can trigger oxidative stress and cytotoxicit.
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