PKM1 (pyruvate kinase muscle isoform 1) is one of the isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase that drives the final step of glycolysis by converting phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate, with concomitant ATP production. Unlike PKM2, which is well known for its role in cancer metabolism (often favoring anabolic processes and rapid proliferation), PKM1 is constitutively active and promotes a more oxidative metabolism.
• In many cancers, a metabolic switch is observed where PKM2 is preferentially expressed to allow for metabolic flexibility and support biosynthetic needs. As a result, PKM1 is less frequently expressed in these tumor types.
• However, some studies have reported contexts in which a higher PKM1/PKM2 ratio is observed, which might be associated with a more oxidative and less proliferative metabolic state.
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