Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS) is a potentially life-threatening oncologic emergency that occurs when a large number of tumor cells are rapidly lysed (destroyed), either spontaneously or in response to cancer treatment (especially chemotherapy), releasing their intracellular contents into the bloodstream. This sudden release can lead to metabolic disturbances and organ dysfunction.
-A metabolic complication resulting from the rapid destruction of malignant cells, leading to the release of intracellular potassium, phosphate, and nucleic acids (which are metabolized into uric acid) into the bloodstream. These changes can result in hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, hyperuricemia, and secondary hypocalcemia.
Possible aids:
Aggressive Hydration:
-Initiate intravenous fluids (often normal saline) to maintain good renal perfusion and facilitate excretion of electrolytes and metabolites.
Uric Acid Lowering Agents:
Allopurinol:
Inhibits xanthine oxidase, reducing the formation of uric acid. Typically started before chemotherapy.
Rasburicase:
An enzyme that converts uric acid to allantoin (a more soluble and easily excreted compound), useful in high-risk patients. Lysis Lysis Syndrome
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