Laminins are a family of glycoproteins that play a key role in the structure and function of basement membranes. They are critical for cell differentiation, adhesion, and migration, and these functions have important implications in cancer biology.
-Laminins are major components of the basement membrane—a specialized form of the extracellular matrix (ECM). They provide structural support to tissues and serve as a substrate that influences cell behavior.
-Laminins are composed of three different chains (α, β, and γ), which form a cross-shaped molecule. Different combinations of these chains give rise to various laminin isoforms, each with specific tissue distribution and functions.
-In some studies, cancer cells have been shown to use laminin-rich environments as migratory highways during metastasis. The interaction between laminin and integrins on tumor cells can promote invasive behavior.
-Laminin also plays a role in angiogenesis.
-Enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are capable of degrading laminin, and this degradation is often upregulated in cancer. The resulting laminin fragments can have bioactive properties that further modulate tumor progression.
-Laminin-332 (α3β3γ2): Frequently overexpressed in many carcinomas.
-The γ2 chain (LAMC2) in particular is often used as a biomarker for invasive behavior and poor prognosis.
-Contributes to cell adhesion, migration, and invasion due to its interaction with integrins (e.g., α3β1, α6β4).
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